哈拉齐大学

Introduction Political participation is widely recognized as one of the fundamental pillars of political development, democratic governance, and legitimacy of political systems. Citizens' participation in political affairs not only reflects the realization of the right to self-determination, but also contributes to social cohesion, political stability, and institutional accountability. Over the past decade, political participation has become one of the most extensively studied topics in Iranian political science, sociology, public administration, and communication studies. Existing research has investigated numerous determinants of political participation, including social capital, political trust, political culture, economic conditions, social media, citizenship rights, gender, ethnic diversity, and electoral behavior. Despite the considerable growth of empirical and theoretical studies, the overall intellectual structure of this body of knowledge has remained largely unexplored. Most previous studies have focused on individual variables or have employed meta-analysis to synthesize empirical findings, while no comprehensive bibliometric investigation has mapped the evolution of scientific production in this field. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the scientific landscape of political participation research in Iran through bibliometric techniques and science mapping. Specifically, the study sought to identify publication trends, prolific authors and institutions, core journals, thematic clusters, and the conceptual structure of political participation research conducted in Iran between 2015 and 2025. Materials & Methods This study was an applied quantitative bibliometric research based on science mapping techniques. The statistical population consisted of all Persian scientific publications related to political participation produced by Iranian researchers and indexed in Iranian academic journal databases during the period from 2015 to 2025. A systematic search strategy was employed by using the keyword "Political Participation" in article titles and keywords. The search covered journals in political science, sociology, social sciences, economics, and management. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria and removing irrelevant records, a final dataset of 591 scientific articles was selected for analysis. The extracted metadata included article titles, authors, institutional affiliations, journal titles, publication years, and keywords. Because domestic databases did not provide standardized bibliometric outputs, all records were manually extracted, cleaned, and standardized. Variations in author names, keyword spellings, and synonymous concepts were harmonized to improve analytical accuracy. Data analysis was conducted by using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software. Excel was employed to generate descriptive statistics and identify publication trends, productive authors, institutions, and core journals. VOSviewer was used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis and visualize the conceptual structure of the field. Network maps, overlay visualization, and density visualization were generated to identify thematic clusters, conceptual relationships, emerging research topics, and underexplored areas. Discussion of Results & Conclusion The keyword co-occurrence analysis identified 85 highly connected keywords, which were organized into 11 thematic clusters representing the conceptual foundations of political participation research in Iran. These clusters included governance, political identity, political behavior, political security, civil society, public sphere, elections, political culture, political communication, constitutional rights, and political development. The network visualization demonstrated that "Political Participation" occupied the central position within the conceptual network and exhibited the strongest relationships with social capital, elections, political culture, and political development. These findings indicated that Iranian scholars had predominantly conceptualized political participation within sociological and institutional frameworks, rather than through behavioral or technological perspectives alone. 5 major research streams emerged from the network analysis. The first focused on social capital, public trust, institutional trust, civil society, and good governance as the principal foundations of political participation. The second emphasized political culture, political socialization, political awareness, and political efficacy, particularly among younger generations. The third investigated electoral participation, voting behavior, democratic institutions, and parliamentary elections. The fourth examined political participation from the perspectives of gender, ethnic identity, citizenship rights, constitutional rights, and minority participation. Finally, the fifth stream represented the growing influence of social media, digital communication, public sphere, and globalization on contemporary patterns of political participation. Overlay visualization revealed a clear temporal transformation in research priorities. Earlier studies mainly concentrated on traditional concepts, such as political trust, civil society, voting behavior, and public institutions, whereas more recent publications had increasingly emphasized social media, digital communication, universities, students, political parties, and globalization. This finding suggested that Iranian political participation research was gradually shifting from classical institutional approaches toward digital and network-based perspectives. Density visualization further demonstrated that political participation, social capital, and elections constituted the densest and most frequently studied concepts within the literature. Conversely, topics like women's rights, minorities, constitutional rights, human rights, sustainable development, and political jurisprudence remained relatively peripheral despite their theoretical significance. These findings revealed important research gaps and indicated opportunities for future interdisciplinary investigations. Overall, the bibliometric evidence suggested that political participation research in Iran had experienced substantial quantitative growth while simultaneously becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. Nevertheless, the intellectual structure of the field continued to be dominated by election-centered and social capital-oriented approaches. Compared with international research, Iranian scholarship showed considerable convergence regarding the importance of political trust, social capital, and digital media; however, greater attention should be devoted to digital activism, online political participation, marginalized social groups, citizenship rights, and emerging forms of networked political engagement. The findings provide a comprehensive scientific map of political participation studies in Iran and offer valuable guidance for researchers, policymakers, and academic institutions in identifying dominant research trends, conceptual gaps, and future research priorities. Keywords: Political Participation, Social Capital, Political Culture, Elections, Social Media. Acknowledgments The authors thank everyone who contributed to this article. Conflicts of Interest There is no conflict of interest. Funding The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. Statement on the Use of AI No artificial intelligence tools were used in the writing, editing, or preparation of this manuscript.

Ongoing changes in temperature and precipitation regimes are altering the climatic suitability of temperate tree species, particularly at their southern distribution margins. In the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran, Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) plays a central structural and ecological role, yet its future persistence under climate change remains uncertain. We assessed current habitat suitability and projected range dynamics using an ensemble species distribution modeling framework integrating Random Forest, Support Vector Machine, MaxEnt, and Boosted Regression Trees. Nineteen bioclimatic variables were screened for collinearity and calibrated against 1,092 spatially filtered occurrence records. Future projections were generated for mid-century (2041-2060) and late-century (2061-2080) under SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios using a five-GCM CMIP6 ensemble. Model performance was high (AUC > 0.88; TSS > 0.67). Precipitation Seasonality (Bio15) was identified as the dominant predictor (mean contribution 52%), suggesting that intra-annual rainfall variability is a key constraint at the species' southern range margin. Projections indicate a progressive contraction of climatically suitable habitat. Under SSP1-2.6, suitable area declines by approximately 73% by mid-century, whereas under SSP5-8.5, reductions reach up to 96% by late century. Suitable habitat becomes increasingly fragmented and concentrated in western Hyrcanian forests, particularly in Gilan and western Mazandaran. These results suggest a substantial contraction of climatically suitable habitat for F. orientalis, although realized distributions may persist longer due to demographic inertia and long tree lifespans. Protecting climatically buffered western refugia and incorporating adaptive forest management strategies will be important to support long-term ecosystem stability in these relict temperate forests.

The effect of different entrance walls (including graphene, graphene oxide (GO), boron nitride (BN), silicone carbide (SiC), and Ti2C MXene layer) has been examined on water and ion fluxes in desalination process using carbon nanotube by molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicated that the kind of entrance wall has significant effect on the desalination process. The Ti2C MXene layer showed higher water and ion fluxes than the other systems at 300 and 320 K at high pressure of 250 MPa. The GO surface exhibits the least water and ions fluxes at all pressures and temperatures which is due to the strong water-wall interactions. Therefore, the GO surface is the best choice of the entrance wall if the goal is only the greatest rejection rate. It is also shown that there are not significant differences between graphene, BN, and SiC surfaces in desalination process.

The Khosrow Abad Fe-skarn deposit lies within the Sonqor igneous–sedimentary series of the northern Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (N-SaSZ), western Iran, where Late Jurassic quartz monzonite–quartz monzodiorite intrusions cut meta-basaltic andesite and dolomitic limestone. Field relationships and petrography are integrated with LA–ICP–MS zircon UPb geochronology, whole-rock geochemistry, and mineral chemistry to constrain magmatism, skarn evolution, and magnetite deposition. To our knowledge, the zircon ages provide the first deposit-specific UPb constraints for the skarn-related intrusions. Weighted mean ages of 148.50 ± 0.48 Ma, 147.91 ± 0.72 Ma, and 146.97 ± 2.49 Ma overlap within analytical uncertainty and define an intrusive episode at ca. 148–149 Ma; they date crystallization rather than mineralization directly. The intrusions are predominantly calc-alkaline and I-type, although hydrothermal alteration locally modified alkali-element distributions. Contact metamorphism and restricted garnet-bearing prograde skarn were followed by widespread hydrous retrograde alteration. The principal magnetite stage accompanied albite–actinolite and epidote–chlorite alteration and was subsequently overprinted by sulfides and oxidation. Ore localization reflects fluid–rock interaction, reactive lithological contacts, and structurally enhanced permeability. Mineral chemistry is evaluated with the observed assemblages and ore textures rather than used as an independent genetic test. The resulting deposit-scale model identifies the wider retrograde alteration footprint and permeable contacts within carbonate–metavolcanic successions as complementary exploration criteria for comparable intrusion-related calcic Fe-skarn systems.

Pesticide pollution in aquatic environments poses important risks to human health and ecosystems. This review presents the current state of knowledge regarding pesticide residues in surface water, groundwater, seawater, and wastewater in the Mediterranean region. It examines current analytical methods for pesticide identification, emphasizing spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, including high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, electrochemical sensors, and Raman spectroscopy. The review also explores membrane-based technologies for pesticide removal, such as nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, and functionalized membranes. Comparisons of sample preparation techniques, detection limits, and regulatory standards are provided, highlighting the need for enhanced detection and removal strategies. Findings indicate that while gas chromatography remains the most effective detection technique, advances in membrane filtration offer promising solutions for water treatment. The study highlights the necessity of stricter regulations and improved water treatment methods to reduce pesticide contamination and protect aquatic ecosystems and public health.