King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

The demand for clean water is rapidly growing, which has prompted further development of nanomaterials for environmental purification and biomedical research. Photocatalysis is a highly promising oxidation method for the removal of organic and biological pollutants. It is quite evident that there is a serious and pressing demand to design economic treatment techniques, which are cheap and energy independent. In this study, we described the fabrication of Z-scheme heterostructure Er doped ZrO2/Bi2WO6 that effectively enhances visible-light-driven charge separation and redox ability, leading to superior photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial performance. The dual-functionality and high mineralization efficiency demonstrated in this study highlight the potential of the developed photocatalyst for sustainable wastewater treatment and biomedical-related environmental applications. The composite and its constituents were synthesized by hydrothermal approach and characterized in terms of their structural, optical, functional, morphological, photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. The optimized Er-doped ZrO2/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, achieving 97.02% degradation of the moxifloxacin (MOX) drug under visible light and showed good antibacterial capability against four bacterial strains the order of Escherichia coli > Bacillus fortis > Staphylococcus aureus > Streptococcus canis. Reactive-species scavenging analysis proved that the role of superoxide radicals (•O2−) and hydroxyl (•OH) plays a significant role in the photocatalytic degradation of MOX. The current study highlights the enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of the Z-scheme Er doped ZrO2/Bi2WO6 heterostructure due to their design and engineering, with applications in multifunctional industries, particularly environmental cleaning and biomedical research.

Background:Diagnosing oral lesions from benign conditions to oral cancer remains challenging due to overlapping visual features and reliance on histopathology. Large language models (LLMs) can integrate textual and visual cues, but their diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility in real decision-making contexts remain uncertain. To systematically evaluate the diagnostic performance, clinical usefulness, and limitations of LLMs in identifying oral lesions. Methods:PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched to 20 July 2025. Eligible studies applied LLMs (e.g., ChatGPT, Gemini, DeepSeek, Copilot, Claude) for diagnosis or differential diagnosis of oral lesions using text, images, or multimodal inputs. Outcomes included diagnostic accuracy, agreement metrics, and qualitative assessments of explanation quality and clinical applicability. Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted QUADAS-2. Narrative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity. Results:Seventeen studies (>1,200 cases) were included. Diagnostic accuracy ranged from 25%-96%, varying by model version, input modality, and lesion complexity. Multimodal inputs consistently improved performance, with Cohen's κ up to 0.85-0.90. Advanced models (GPT-4o, DeepSeek-R1, o1-preview) outperformed earlier versions and approached expert performance in some tasks, although specialists generally retained superior Top-1 accuracy. Clinical utility was highest when LLMs were used to structure differential reasoning, highlight red-flag features, and support communication, but limited in tasks requiring fine morphological interpretation or severity grading. Overall risk of bias was low to moderate. Conclusions:LLMs demonstrate variable diagnostic performance and context-dependent supportive utility as adjunctive tools in oral lesion assessment, particularly in multimodal settings. They should complement, rather than replace, expert clinical judgment. Future research should prioritize real-world workflow evaluation, standardized prompting strategies, and prospective clinical validation. Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420251090315, identifier CRD420251090315.

BACKGROUND:Despite high recanalization rates with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for large vessel occlusions, functional outcomes remain suboptimal. This study investigates whether adjunctive intra-arterial (IA) thrombolysis following successful EVT can improve patient outcomes. METHODS:A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for functional and safety outcomes. RESULTS:Seven trials (2131 patients) were included. IA thrombolysis was administered to 1081 (50.7%) patients. Patients receiving adjunctive IA thrombolysis had higher odds of excellent functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 0-1) at 90 days (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.72) compared with the EVT-alone group while maintaining similar rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH; OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.75). Subgroup analysis of excellent functional outcomes showed that the benefits of IA thrombolysis were primarily observed in specific patient populations: those treated with alteplase 0.225 mg/kg or tenecteplase 0.125 mg/kg, patients with lower expanded Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (eTICI) scores, higher initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and those with cardioembolic etiology. Mortality rates and good functional outcomes (mRS 0-2) remained comparable between treatment groups. CONCLUSION:Adjunctive IA thrombolysis following successful EVT may improve functional outcomes without added risk of sICH. Certain patient subgroups (those with lower recanalization rates, higher NIHSS, and cardioembolic etiology) and specific thrombolytic agents and dosages (alteplase 0.225 mg/kg, tenecteplase 0.125 mg/kg) appear to derive greater benefits from this approach. Further research is needed to validate these findings and refine patient selection.

Introduction Patients with psoriasis suffer from an inflammatory immune-mediated skin condition that impacts their quality of life severely. In our study, we aimed to analyze the gender differences in clinical characteristics in patients with psoriasis and to assess the quality of life in these patients. Methods This is a retrospective observational study that was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results A total of 139 patients with psoriasis met the inclusion criteria, with a mean ± SD age of 45.53 ± 15.3 years. No statistically significant gender differences were observed in terms of disease duration, BMI, clinical type and body surface area (BSA) (P=0.657, P=0.782, P=0.565, P=0.088, respectively). However, psoriasis caused a significant impairment in the quality of life in female patients compared to males (P=0.036). Conclusion This study reports the gender differences in clinical characteristics in patients with psoriasis and its impact on the quality of life. More researches with larger sample size and different populations are needed in order to identify more potential gender-specific variations.