Kyrgyz National University

Assessing regional carbon balance is crucial for developing effective greenhouse gas management strategies under global climate change. This study presents a CatBoost gradient boosting machine learning model to evaluate spatiotemporal variability of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 in terrestrial ecosystems. Applied to Japanese islands for 2024, the model effectively accounts for multiple factors influencing CO2 exchange and provides spatial distribution of CO2 fluxes at regional scale with monthly temporal resolution. The model demonstrated high prediction accuracy with an average coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.77 across all ecosystems. By integrating remote sensing data, ground-based measurements and environmental parameters through machine learning, this study provides a comprehensive framework for understanding regional CO2 exchange patterns. Results can be applied to CO2 fluxes assessments in other regions and contribute to developing climate mitigation measures. This modeling approach offers a valuable tool for monitoring ecosystem responses to changing climate conditions and informing regional carbon management policies.

IntroductionAs a pivotal dimension of sustainable career development, employee thriving at work has garnered substantial scholarly and practical attention as a salient indicator of optimal psychological functioning in organizational settings. Extant literature has preliminarily established correlations between general leadership styles and employee thriving; however, the precise mechanisms and contextual contingencies through which inclusive leadership—characterized by openness, availability, and accessibility—fosters thriving at work among young university teachers remain inadequately theorized and empirically underexplored.MethodsThis study integrates social cognitive theory with the socially embedded model of thriving to conceptualize a moderated mediation framework. Using questionnaire data collected from 755 young faculty members across Chinese universities, we examine the mediating role of teaching efficacy—a core belief in one’s instructional capability—in transmitting the influence of inclusive leadership to thriving at work, as well as the moderating function of professional identity in strengthening these relational pathways.ResultsOur analyses reveal four key findings: (1) Inclusive leadership exerts a significant positive effect on thriving at work; (2) It also substantially enhances teachers’ sense of teaching efficacy; (3) Teaching efficacy partially mediates the relationship between inclusive leadership and thriving; (4) Professional identity not only amplifies the direct effect of inclusive leadership on teaching efficacy but also reinforces the strength of the indirect effect of inclusive leadership on thriving via teaching efficacy.DiscussionBy contextualizing the thriving construct within the unique socio-cultural milieu of Chinese higher education, this study provides a nuanced theoretical account of how and when inclusive leadership cultivates thriving at work among early-career academics. These insights contribute meaningfully to the growing discourse on leadership and workplace well-being, while also offering actionable implications for academic institutions seeking to foster supportive environments that enhance both teaching and research performance.

Digitalization is reshaping economic structures, labour markets, and social life, with important implications for youth in emerging economies. In Central Asia, particularly in the Kyrgyz Republic, where nearly one third of the population is aged 15 to 29, young people represent a key development resource. This study examines how digitalization, including artificial intelligence, influences youth education, employment, entrepreneurship, and wellbeing. Using secondary data from national statistics, the World Bank, and UNDP, combined with descriptive analysis, the study identifies both opportunities and constraints. While digital sectors contribute to employment and productivity, structural challenges persist, including rural and urban disparities, gender gaps, and limited digital skills. The proposed “Youth Digital Bridges” framework links skills, labour market access, and inclusion. Findings suggest that digitalization can support youth development, but requires inclusive policies, stronger governance, and sustained investment in human capital.

The article is devoted to the legal regulation of the stage of development (drafting) of the republican budget project in the Kyrgyz Republic. The author analyzes the provisions of the Budget Code of the Kyrgyz Republic dated May 16, 2016 No. 59, which enshrine the principles of completeness, transparency, and realism in the budget process. The powers of the executive branch (Cabinet of Ministers and Ministry of Finance), the limited role of the Jogorku Kenesh at the preparatory stage, as well as the key stages are examined in detail: determination of macroeconomic foundations and socio-economic development forecast, distribution of expenditures among chief budget administrators, preparation of the budget circular, submission and coordination of applications, inter-agency negotiations. Implementation problems are identified: dependence of revenues on external factors, incompleteness of data on previous budget execution, risks of overstatement of applications, unjustified creation of extrabudgetary funds, lack of clear mechanisms for expenditure prioritization. Measures are proposed to enhance sustainability (stabilization mechanisms), strengthen control, and involve parliament. Special attention is paid to local budgets. The study is relevant for improving budget legislation and practice amid economic instability.

The endangered Uncaria gambir (W.Hunter) Roxb. (U. gambir) remains largely unexplored in chemical constituents and bioactivities. Therefore, fifteen compounds (1-15), comprising monoterpene indole alkaloids, lignans, flavonoids, triterpenoids, coumarins, and fatty acids, were isolated from this species. Their inhibitory effects against cell division cycle 25B (CDC25B) phosphatase and vasodilatory activities were then evaluated. Results showed that compound 1 (strictosamide) exhibited a notable inhibitory effect on CDC25B phosphatase, with the IC50 value of 5.4 μM, comparable to the positive control (Na3VO4). Compound 3 (3α-dihydrocadambine) effectively revealed strong vasodilatory activity with EC50 values of 2.4 μM and 2.1 μM, respectively, similar levels comparable to the positive control (verapamil). Interestingly, these activities of compounds 1 and 3 were evaluated for the first time in this work. Moreover, network pharmacology and molecular docking predicted compound 1 to correlate with the p53-Hippo-TGF-β antitumor signalling pathway and compound 3 with the cAMP/cGMP-PKG cardiovascular signalling pathway. This work provides preliminary experimental data for the development of potential lead compounds from U. gambir.