Kyushu International University (九州国際大学, Kyūshū kokusai daigaku) is a private university in Yahata Higashi, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.The roots of the university can be found in the "Kyushu Law School", which was founded in 1930. The direct predecessor to the school, "Yahata University", was established in 1950, and it adopted the present name in 1989..
The issue of ethnic inequality among immigrant communities in host countries often poses a challenge for diaspora entrepreneurs seeking to develop their businesses. The Indonesian Muslim diaspora in Japan also faces challenges in developing their halal businesses, as they must compete with local entrepreneurs, who have greater access to expansion opportunities. This study examines the strategies implemented by Sariraya enterprise , founded by the Indonesian Muslim diaspora, for developing and maintaining halal businesses in Japan as a country with a non-Muslim majority . Using a qualitative research approach including observation and in-depth interviews, this study explores how adaptation and social networks support the development and sustainability of Sariraya businesses. In-depth interviews were conducted with 20 respondents including the founder, staff of the Sariraya business network (Indonesian, Nepalese, and Vietnamese), and customers. Using Kloosterman’s mixed embeddedness framework, this study examines how two sides’ diaspora relations with both the homeland and the host land serve as a strategy for developing and maintaining their businesses. This study found that the strategy used by Sariraya, involves intercultural interactions not only among the Indonesian diaspora , the homeland community, and local Japanese society, but also across cross-border Muslim networks. Beyond Klooterman's idea that only connects the diaspora with the homeland and host land, Sariraya builds a network of Muslim communities, in addition to the local community. Sariraya’s product innovations take local tastes into account, and its marketing strategy involves Muslim networks, which is the key to Sariraya’s success in maintaining halal business in Japan.
We construct moduli spaces of G-equivariant harmonic maps between spheres, where G is a subgroup of the orthogonal group. For G=SU(m) , U(m) , Sp(m) , Sp(m)×U(1) or Sp(m)×Sp(1) , we obtain identity theorems: (i) The restriction to S^5 of any SU(m) -equivariant harmonic map of S^2m-1 is SU(3) -equivariant and harmonic. (ii) Any SU(3) -equivariant harmonic map of S^5 can be uniquely extended to an SU(m) -equivariant harmonic map of S^2m-1 . For the other groups, we have similar results.
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the factors influencing the purchasing intentions and attitudes of Indonesian Muslim youth toward halal skincare products. Utilizing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), it integrates both external and internal components, including halal certification, halal literacy, and religiosity. Data were gathered from 233 Muslim adolescents, and the proposed model was evaluated using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze net effect factors, followed by necessary condition analysis (NCA) to identify critical components. The outer loading values of PLS-SEM range from 0.736 to 0.945, indicating that the indicators used have a strong and reliable contribution to the constructs they represent. The research results indicate that the net effect analysis demonstrates that the dimensions of TPB and halal literacy significantly influence the purchase intention of halal skincare products. The NCA results indicate that Attitude (9.4%) and Perceived Behavioral Control (65.3%) play a crucial role in influencing consumers' purchase decisions for halal skincare products, with PBC being the most significant determinant. Halal Certification (16.5%-25.6%) serves as a key prerequisite for fostering a positive attitude, while Subjective Norms (5.8%-45.5%) become more influential once a fully established positive attitude is achieved.
