The Lahore College for Women University (LCWU) (Urdu: جامعہ خواتین کالج لاہور) is a public university in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Bushra Mirza is the current Vice Chancellor of LCWU. She took over the charge of the office of Vice Chancellor on 5th July 2019.Lahore College for Women University, with a full time enrollment of about 15,000 students and a teaching faculty of more than 600, is one of the most prestigious institutions of Pakistan. It admits students at the Intermediate, Graduate, Masters and Ph.D. levels.At the time of autonomy, in 1990, there were Masters classes in only six areas, but now with the University status, LCWU is offering degrees at graduate, postgraduate and doctoral levels. BS 4 year degree program is being offered in 39 disciplines and 5 years Phram-D and Architecture degree is being offered. University is offering M.A/M.Sc. in 6 subjects and MS/M.Phil degree in 28 subjects. The University is also offering Ph.D. programs in 16 disciplines i.e. Chemistry, Bio-Technology, Botany,Zoology, Computer Science, City & Regional Planning, Mathematics, Environmental Science, Physics, Political Science, Education, Applied Psychology, Islamic Studies, Urdu, Punjabi and Fine Arts.Lahore College for Women University, established in May 1922 as an intermediate residential college, was originally housed in a building on Hall Road, Lahore, with strength of 60 students (25 boarders) and 13 staff members. By 1950, the College strength increased to 600 students and was shifted to the present building on Jail Road.LCWU by 1922 was affiliated with the University of the Punjab for undergraduate program in 18 subjects. Within the next two years the institution had graduate programs in 14 subjects. Post graduate classes in English were initiated in 1940 and Honours classes in five subjects were introduced in 1949. B.Sc. classes started in 1955 while Post-graduate classes in the subjects of Economics and Physics started in 1966. By 1979 Islamic Studies, Political Science and Psychology were also added to the ever increasing list of programs.The year 1990, when Administrative and Financial Autonomy was given to the institution, proved to be the turning point in the history of LCWU. On 13 August 1999, it was declared a Degree-Awarding institution. The institution was elevated to the status of a Women University on 10 September 2002.The 21st century has brought a drastic revolution in science, which has completely transformed the world. Today sciences are exploring areas that defy imagination. Keeping in line with the importance of the sciences in today's world, LCWU has been fulfilling the demand of the female students in the area, as this was the only institution offering science subjects at undergraduate level. This is evident from the fact that majority of the female doctors, serving and retired, have at some stage (F.Sc. or B.Sc.) studied at Lahore College for Women. Since 1922 the college has proved its worth as the highest seat of learning for science subjects. At the moment Botany, Chemistry, Physics, Zoology, Bio-Technology, Mathematics, Economics, Statistics, Electronics, Environmental Science, Computer Science and Pharmacy are taught at Graduate, Postgraduate and Doctoral levels.LCWU is cognizant of the significance of social sciences and liberal arts since they contribute to the aesthetic sense of human beings and are essential for the society. The Department of English, being more than 70 years old, is the oldest post-graduate department of the University. Founded by Prof Mrs. U.K. Siraj-ud-Din, it still is rooted in the traditions of scholarship and academic excellence. Besides English, Urdu, Punjabi, Islamic Studies, International Relations, Political Science, Fine Arts, Pakistan Studies, Mass Communication and Gender and Development Studies are being offered at graduate and postgraduate level. The graduates of LCWU take their place in moral, intellectual and professional leadership in all walks of national life.Among its alumni are an extra ordinary number of teachers, physicians and professionals in all fields of life. At F.A./F.Sc. level the Intermediate College of LCWU is affiliated with the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education, Lahore for the purpose of examinations. This Intermediate College has proved to be a very fruitful nursery in providing women force for professional education in the province.Since the establishment of LCWU as a university, the institution has striven for improvement in Higher Education. MoU with various national industries and linkages with Foreign Universities have been established in the field of Pharmacy, Electronics, Environmental Science, Fine Arts, Economics, Mass Communication and Gender & Development Studies. Department of Software Engineering was established in year 2021 and Dr. Muhammad Mohsin Nazir was appointed as founding chairperson. Dr. Bushra Mirza is the current Vice Chancellor of LCWU. She took over the charge of the office of Vice Chancellor on 5th July 2019..
TiO2 has been regarded as the most appropriate candidate for dilute magnetic semiconductors because of its practically observed and theoretically expected room temperature ferromagnetism. Therefore, a series of Fe doped Cu-TiO2 dilute magnetic semiconductors has been synthesized with the general formula FexCu0.15Ti0.85-xO2 (x = 0, 5, 7, 9, 11 and 13 wt
Plant extracts can be great substitutes to the infections instigated by multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes due to the presence of naturally occurring phytochemical compounds enclosed within them. In this study the antimicrobial potential of eight different medicinal plants was tested against Escherichia coli (BTCB02), Staphylococcus aureus (BTCB03), and Bacillus subtilis (BTCB12) using disc diffusion method. Additionally, the cytotoxic activity via MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay against MDA-MD-231(MD Anderson) breast cancer cell lines was also conducted to examine their toxicity. Three crude extracts—aqueous, methanol, and ethanol—were prepared through maceration extraction. Amongst all the medicinal plants, Anogeissus latifolia disclosed the highest antimicrobial activity against E. coli, i.e., 28 ± 0.58 mm, whereas Viola odorata displayed 17 ± 0.78 mm, while aqueous Nardostachys jatamansi ethanol extracts revealed 14 ± 0.87 mm. Furthermore, B. subtilis revealed the highest antimicrobial activity with Aristolochia rotunda (methanol) (32 ± 1.23 mm), and Anogeissus latifolia exposed 22 ± 0.57 mm (ethanol) together with Rheum webbianum (ethanol) at 21 ± 0.23 mm. Moreover, S. aureus showed highest antimicrobial activity with Aristolochia rotunda aqueous extract (35 ± 1.02 mm) followed by Pistacia chinensis (32 ± 1.02 mm) and Anogeissus latifolia methanol extracts (23 ± 0.57 mm). After conducting series of experiments, plant samples Viola odorata (aqueous extract) and Acacia nilotica (ethanol extract) possessed highest cytotoxic activity against MDA-MD-231 cell line from 1 to 6
In this study, we develop quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model using entropy-weighted topological descriptors to predict the physicochemical properties of antituberculosis drugs. The molecular structures of fifteen drugs used to treat tuberculosis were taken from PubChem, and their conventional degree-based descriptors were enhanced via Shannon entropy to account for both structural magnitude and distributional irregularity. These entropy-augmented indices were incorporated into quadratic, cubic, exponential, and logarithmic regression models to describe structure-property relationships. Model validation was performed using unsupervised (Entropy-Property Concordance Index, EPCI) and supervised (Local Regression Concordance, LRC) methods. The results demonstrate that entropy-weighted descriptors significantly improve interpretability, predictive accuracy, and structural validation in QSPR modeling. This approach offers a robust computational framework that can be extended to the rational design and property prediction of macrocyclic ligands and supramolecular assemblies, supporting advances in host-guest chemistry and targeted drug delivery systems.
Deep learning models often continue to generalize well even when they have far more parameters than available training examples. This observation naturally leads to two questions: why does training remain stable, and why do the resulting predictors generalize at all? To address these questions, we return to the classical Extreme Value Theorem and interpret modern training as optimization over compact sets in parameter space or function space. Our main results show that continuity together with coercive or Lipschitz based regularization gives existence of minimizers and uniform control of the excess risk, by bounding rare high loss events. We apply this framework to weight decay, gradient penalties, and spectral normalization, and we introduce simple diagnostics that monitor compactness in parameter space, representation space, and function space. Experiments on synthetic examples, standard image data sets (MNIST, CIFAR ten, Tiny ImageNet), and the UCI Adult tabular task are consistent with the theory: mild regularization leads to smoother optimization, reduced variation across random seeds, and better robustness and calibration while preserving accuracy. Taken together, these results highlight compactness as a practical geometric guideline for training stable and reliable deep networks.
This study evaluated heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils irrigated with untreated industrial wastewater from two major industrial zones in Lahore, Pakistan. Soil samples from cucumber (S1), wheat (S2), green chili (S3), potato (S4), ladyfinger (S5), and tomato (S6) field were collected from six industrial sites. Heavy metals including cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and nickel (Ni) were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Various indices such as the contamination factor (CF), potential contamination index (PCI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and human health risk assessment (HHRA) were employed to assess pollution levels and associated health risks. Results showed that most heavy metal concentrations were within permissible limits set by the European Union (EU) and World Health Organization (WHO), except at certain sites. For instance, Cd at Site 4 was 0.085 mg/kg (above EU/WHO guideline of 0.05 mg/kg), Cr exceeded the limit (0.10 mg/kg) at all sites except Site 1, and Pb levels were higher than (0.1 mg/kg) at all sites except Sites 1 and 4. Ni concentrations surpassed guidelines (0.14 mg/kg) at all sites except Sites 1 and 2. Among all elements, Cr exhibited the highest contamination factor. The PCI results also indicated that Cr and Ni posed significant contamination potential. All soil samples exhibited PERI values exceeding 600, indicating a very high ecological risk. HHRA analysis showed that children were more vulnerable than adults to all four heavy metals, as per USEPA guidelines. This study provides a comprehensive, multi-index assessment of industrial wastewater-induced soil pollution and its implications for human health. Unlike previous research that focused on individual contaminants, this work integrates ecological and human health risk assessments, offering novel insights for urban environmental protection and sustainable agricultural practices.
