Bahauddin Zakariya University

Cu2+ ions are essential trace elements in biological systems. Any imbalance in their level leads to serious neurodegenerative diseases like Wilson's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, Cu2+ ion pollution from the environment can cause further health problems. Therefore, developing sensitive and selective detection approaches for Cu2+ ions is of particular significance. In this work, we designed, synthesized, and utilized a new fluorescent probe (MB-M) based on fluorophores methylene blue (MB) and 1,8-naphthalimide (M) for the specific detection of Cu2+ ions in physiological conditions. As a result of interaction with Cu2+, amide bond cleavage occurs without coordination of the probe to the ion, and both fluorophores are released simultaneously resulting in dual fluorescence signal generation in green and red regions. The probe showed high selectivity and sensitivity (LOD 0.19 & micro;M for MB and 2.0 & micro;M for M) towards Cu2+ ions in PBS buffer solution at pH 7.4 with 30% ethanol content and fast response time. DFT calculations supported the proposed sensing mechanism, revealing a small HOMO-LUMO energy gap (2.215 eV) and high softness (0.451 eV-1 ) for MB-M. Fluorescent imaging studies and HeLa cell imaging further demonstrated the probes' possible applications as instant recognition and the real-time detection of Cu2+ ions in biological systems. These findings demonstrate that MB-M is a promising fluorescent probe for Cu2+ ions ion detection.

This study examines fluid flow and heat transfer in three-dimensional micro-scale porous domains formed by simple cubic (SC), body-centered cubic (BCC), and face-centered cubic (FCC) sphere packings under continuum and slip-flow regimes. A multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann (MRT-LB) model was developed to capture velocity slip and temperature jump at fluid-solid interfaces. In continuum flow, strong flow obstruction and extended low-velocity regions were observed near solid boundaries, whereas slip flow reduced wall-induced stagnation and suppressed trailing-sphere vortices. Thermal results show an early temperature rise in continuum flow, while slip flow leads to lower peak temperatures due to enhanced near-wall convection. The Nusselt number increases with Reynolds number but decreases with Knudsen number and porosity, reflecting reduced effective surface area and intensified temperature jump effects. Friction factors decrease with increasing Reynolds number for all lattice types; however, low-porosity BCC structures exhibit the highest drag due to reduced inlet velocities. Permeability increases with Knudsen number and porosity, with SC and FCC configurations showing greater enhancement because of higher average flow velocities. To reduce computational cost, a deeplearning-based surrogate model was trained to replicate MRT-LB predictions of velocity and temperature fields. The surrogate achieves high accuracy with low prediction error, enabling rapid evaluation of slip-flow heat transfer and efficient parametric design of micro-porous thermal systems.

Fossil fuel reserves depletion necessitates the generation of sustainable energy through hydrogen from water splitting, with efforts focusing on optimizing bifunctional electrocatalysts for improved efficiency. In this study the Fe-doped (1%, 5%, 10%) CoCu2Se4 mesoporous nanosheet array on a Ni foam substrate with varying concentrations using a hydrothermal synthesis. Fe doping in CoCu2Se4 lattice results in structural distortions and electronic modifications. The study discloses the insights of Fe+3 doping in CoCu2Se4 lattice sites lead to electronic modulation, improve conduction and catalytic mechanisms. Fe+3 higher electronegativity facilitates electron redistribution, modulating the band structure and reducing charge recombination losses. The study found that the optimized 5% Fe-doped CoCu2Se4 electrode demonstrated exceptional OER performance with a 216 mV of low overpotential along with a minimal 69.65 mV dec-1 Tafel slope. Additionally, remarkable HER activity having a minimal overpotential of 122 mV along with low Tafel slope up to 89 mV dec-1 was succeeded. Assembled device demonstrated exceptional stability for 40 h, indicating its potential for sustainable water splitting applications. Hence, for sustainable hydrogen production via water splitting, the Fe-doped CoCu2Se4 metals are a promising candidate.

This article employs a comparative feminist-postcolonial spatial close reading of Geetanjali Shree's Tomb of Sand and Arundhati Roy's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness to examine how South Asian women's fiction reimagines space, memory, and the gendered body as sites of resistance against social and ideological divisions. Employing Edward Soja's concept of Thirdspace, this article argues that both novels challenge hegemonic territoriality and expose the absurdity of man-made boundaries. The novels construct fluid and transformative spaces that destabilise dominant patriarchal ideological structures. The gendered body and memory enable the protagonists to dismantle social and national dichotomies and divisions. By bringing these novels into dialogue, the article contributes to feminist postcolonial debates on space and memory. Space is constructed in the novels as retrospective, i.e., recovering a cosmopolitan space-time matrix, or prospective, which builds a future on hope and inclusive community. Both function as alternative realms in which marginalised subjects resist hegemonic structures and reconfigure possibilities of coexistence and human connection.

Abstract Refractory epileptic encephalopathies are defined as the severe, childhood-onset epilepsies associated with drug-resistant periodic seizures, neurodevelopmental disability, behavioral problems, and escalate the risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), especially in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome. Although several anti-seizure drugs are offered, about 20–30% of the patients do not respond well to the treatment, indicating the necessity of new methods of treatment. This is an in-depth analysis of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical effectiveness, safety profile, and pharmacokinetic status of the drug, fenfluramine, in refractory developmental and epileptic encephalopathies The mechanism of action of fenfluramine is primarily associated with enhancing serotonergic neurotransmission and modulating sigma-1 receptors, as well as restoring the excitatory-inhibitory balance in neural networks. Other processes of GABAergic enhancement, regulation of glutamatergic signalling, Nrf2, ROS, and possible neuroendocrine effects are discussed. Various Clinical trials have shown that convulsive seizures are reduced significantly by fenfluramine in Dravet syndrome and drop seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, and cognitive and behavioral and improve the quality of life are emerging. Although echocardiographic monitoring remains a mandatory requirement due to past safety concerns, modern low-dose regimens demonstrate a satisfactory tolerability rate. Fenfluramine is a novel multi-mechanistic anti-seizure drug that has disease-modifying and multi-mechanistic activity. The purpose of this review is to highlights the additional long-term safety evaluation and larger clinical trials are justified in order to establish its place in the management of refractory epilepsy further and to treat the various types of seizures.