Introduction: Ficus mysorensis is traditionally used in ethnomedicine, yet its neuropharmacological potential remains underexplored. The plant's diverse phytochemicals may confer anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic effects. This study aimed to evaluate its neuropharmacological activities, characterize its phytochemical composition, and elucidate molecular interactions with Central Nervous System (CNS) targets through docking studies. Methods: Successive extraction was performed using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and 70% ethanol. Extracts underwent preliminary phytochemical screening, HPTLC (High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography) analysis, and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) analysis. Neuropharmacological evaluations included in vivo models: Maximal Electroshock (MES) and Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) induced seizures (anticonvulsant), pentobarbital-induced sleep (sedative), and elevated plus maze/open-field tests (anxiolytic). Molecular docking was conducted using Schrödinger Maestro against dopamine D2 receptors, with Risperidone as the reference ligand. MMGBSA binding energy and hydrogen bond interactions were used to determine binding efficiency. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, and glycosides. GC-MS identified major constituents, including akuammilan-17-ol and 1,6;3,4- dianhydro-2-deoxy-β-D-lyxo-hexopyranose. The Hydroalcoholic Extract (HFM) showed 16.67% seizure protection in PTZ-induced seizures. In silico results revealed that Risperidone exhibited a docking score of -11.390 kcal/mol and an MMGBSA energy of -91.17 kcal/mol, with key hydrogen bonds to Asp114, Trp386, and Phe390, validating a strong binding affinity. Discussion: HFM demonstrated moderate neuropharmacological efficacy, supported by bioactive constituents that showed strong in silico binding to central nervous system targets, particularly dopamine D2 receptors. Conclusion: This study highlights Ficus mysorensis as a promising source of neuroactive compounds with anticonvulsant, sedative, and anxiolytic potential, warranting further investigation and the isolation of lead constituents for the development of CNS drugs.
In this study, aim was to formulate Furosemide solid dispersions to modify the drug's solubility and enhance therapeutic effect. Furosemide, loop diuretic, suffers from poor aqueous solubility, which limits its bioavailability. Solid dispersions were prepared using Eudragit L100 as carriers in different drug-to-carrier ratios through solvent evaporation and physical mixing techniques. These dispersions were assessed for bulk density, particle size, tapped density, angle of repose, also drug release profile. The findings indicated a notable improvement in the dissolution rate and solubility of Furosemide in an optimized formulation. The yields of solid dispersions were found to range 67.9%–95.4%, being the drug content of SDF2, the highest (97.63%). Solubility increase was also significant SDF2 showing 0.1100 mg/mL against 0.0697 mg/mL for pure Furosemide. Flow properties were within limits, and SDF2 showed best flow (angle of repose: 22.23°). SDF2 also exhibited the highest drug release (94.95% ± 2.07%) and micro particle size (173–186 µm). As a whole, SDF2 (drug: carrier 1:2) was chosen as the optimal formulation.
This study explores the status, challenges, and prospects of women's participation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education in Bangladesh. Despite achieving near gender parity at the primary and secondary levels, female representation in STEM disciplines remains disproportionately low at higher secondary and tertiary education levels. Analysis of enrollment and dropout trends, supported by primary data collected from 200 female students across 10 universities, reveals structural, socio-cultural, and economic barriers that limit women's participation in STEM. Findings indicate that financial constraints, gendered subject selection, lack of role models, and cultural expectations surrounding marriage contribute to persistent underrepresentation. While female enrollment exceeds 60% in health-related fields, participation remains below 26% in engineering and technology programs. Comparative insights from Asian countries such as Malaysia highlight the importance of early STEM integration, mentorship, and policy support. The study underscores the need for systemic interventions, including gender-sensitive curricula, targeted scholarships, mentorship programs, and institutional reforms, to foster equitable access and encourage women's engagement in STEM. These measures are essential for developing a skilled workforce aligned with the demands of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 4 and SDG 5).
Correspondence frameworks are fundamental and it will make different essential issues today. These days, we consider that the firewalls are the basic line of block yet that approachs can't meet the specific necessities of anticipated that framework would accomplish security. A broad piece of the examination has been done here at any rate we are slacking to accomplish security needs. Effectively different models, for example, ADAM, DHP, LERAD and ENTROPHY are proposed to choose security issues yet we require a gainful model to see new sorts of different impedances inside the whole structure. In this paper, we proposed to outline a modernized interruption conspicuous evidence structure which contain two systems, for example, idiosyncrasy and mistreat affirmation. Both are intertwined what's more used to recognize novel ambushes. Our structure proposed to find transient instance of aggressor sharpens, which is profiled utilizing an estimation EAA (Enhanced Apriori Computation). This is examined assorted streets with respect to an unmistakable interface to show the demonstrations of strikes sensibly.
The increased worrying issue of global warming has heightened the campaign by environmental activists who are equally experiencing mounting economic consequences of climatic changes. In a bid to overcome these challenges, the stakeholders are encouraging policies and market mechanisms that encourage environmental conservation. In this respect, the creation of carbon trading systems can be listed as one of them, as they enable the exchange of carbon credits in the regulated and voluntary markets, which leads to the creation of a global carbon market. Carbon markets were propelled into existence with the Kyoto Protocol that brought restrictions on the amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and distributed quotas among the countries involved. Such countries then have the role of controlling emissions by industries and business organizations operating in their borders. The research paper will focus on the international carbon trading system and especially discuss the possibilities and potential of establishing an efficient carbon market in India. It discusses how these mechanisms can be used to reduce the emission targets and at the same time promote sustainable economic growth.
