Mahatma Gandhi Mission Medical College and Hospital is located in Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It was established in 1989 and granted Deemed University status in 2006.
Survodutide represents an innovative approach to obesity management and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). These conditions, often closely linked with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases, demand effective treatment strategies. Survodutide acts by targeting both GLP-1 and glucagon receptors. This new dual agonist offers potential transformative benefits, with early clinical trials showcasing significant weight loss and improvements in metabolic markers. Survodutide's mechanism of action includes appetite regulation, enhanced glucose metabolism, and increased energy expenditure, making it a promising option for those struggling with obesity and related health issues. This review assesses Survodutide's pharmacology, efficacy, and safety in MASH and obesity, while also outlining its broader metabolic and cardiovascular benefits. It compares Survodutide's dual-agonist mechanism and clinical performance with single-target incretin therapies to clarify its potential role in the evolving treatment landscape. While the initial results are promising, the review emphasizes the importance of continued research to fully understand Survodutide's long-term safety and effectiveness. Ongoing trials will provide critical insights into its overall impact, side effects, patient response, and cost considerations. This article highlights Survodutide's potential in the treatment of obesity and metabolic disordersand evaluates its place in therapy for seeking improved outcomes.
Abstract Objective: Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide with India alone contributing nearly 27% of the global PTB burden. Although alterations in the vaginal microbiome have been implicated in PTB its association in the Indian context is underemployed. This study aimed to investigate the association of vaginal microbiome and PTB in Indian women at the time of delivery. Study design: The vaginal swabs were collected at the time of delivery from 72 women (31 term 41 preterm) admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Western India. Microbial DNA was extracted and the V3 V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. Community composition alpha and beta diversity and differential taxonomic abundance were assessed using bioinformatics pipelines. Results: At the time of delivery there were no significant differences in alpha or beta diversity between term and preterm groups. Principal coordinate and unsupervised clustering analyses showed no group wise segregation. The relative abundance of individual Lactobacillus species including L. iners and L. helveticus did not differ significantly between the two groups. However a modest difference in the relative abundance of Streptococcus was observed between the two groups after adjustment. Conclusion: This study found no major microbial shifts in the vaginal microbiome associated with preterm birth in this cross sectional cohort of Indian women suggesting that vaginal dysbiosis at the time of delivery may not be a principal driver of PTB in this population. These findings underscore the need for larger longitudinal and ethnically diverse studies using standardized methodologies better to understand the microbiomes role in PTB risk. Key Words: Prematurity Lactobacillus Streptococcus bacteria association ### Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. ### Funding Statement This study is not receive any funding ### Author Declarations I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was approved by the Human Ethics Committee of MGM Institute of Health Sciences (MGMIHS), Kamothe, Navi Mumbai (Approval No: MGMIHS/RES/02/2020-21/401A). I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals. Yes I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance). Yes I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable. Yes Data produce in the study are contained in the manuscript
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite being preventable and treatable, poor awareness and knowledge of COPD pose a critical barrier to disease prevention and early diagnosis. Previous research has confirmed a paucity of disease awareness in healthcare professionals and patients, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This systematic review assessed awareness and knowledge of COPD in the broader general population internationally. Seven databases were searched for studies involving adults from the general public without a COPD diagnosis or clinical expertise. Eligible studies assessed awareness of COPD (existence of the condition), with a secondary aim of synthesizing data on disease-pertinent knowledge (e.g., symptoms and risk factors). Nineteen studies from ten countries across low-, middle-, and high-income settings were included. Awareness of COPD was consistently poor, regardless of the socioeconomic status of the country of study. There was similarly suboptimal knowledge of symptoms, signs, and most risk factors of the disease, apart from smoking, which was consistently recognized as a key risk factor for COPD. Younger age was the only factor frequently associated with greater disease awareness, but results should be interpreted with caution. Social media and television were the main sources of COPD information, followed by clinician and family/friend sources. Public awareness and knowledge of COPD remain suboptimal globally and should be prioritized to support disease prevention and early intervention. Policymakers should harness social media and television fora to disseminate key information about COPD to the general public and vulnerable groups therein.
BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease with rising global prevalence. Adequate patient education is essential to encourage self-management and reduce complications. Artificial intelligence applications such as ChatGPT have emerged as potential supplementary resources for patient education alongside the broader integration of technology in healthcare.MethodsA cross-sectional evaluation was conducted using ten frequently asked questions (FAQs) on diabetes, selected from the Diabetic Association of India and the International Diabetes Federation. ChatGPT-4o (accessed via the web interface in March 2025) generated responses to each question in separate, stand-alone chat sessions to simulate typical patient interactions. Five board-certified endocrinologists (diabetologists) with a mean clinical experience of ≥10 years independently evaluated the responses using a 4-point Likert scale across five domains: overall quality, content accuracy, clarity, relevance, and trustworthiness. Final domain scores were computed as the mean of all five raters’ scores. Readability was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL). All readability analyses apply exclusively to the English-language outputs generated in this study.ResultsThe mean FRES was 38.19 and the mean FKGL was 16.87, indicating a reading level appropriate for college-educated individuals and substantially above the recommended sixth-grade benchmark for patient health materials. Mean response length was 300 ± 100 words across the ten prompts. Expert ratings were generally high: aggregated mean scores (±SD) were 4.0 (±0.0) for content accuracy and overall quality, 3.98 (±0.10) for relevance, and 3.9 (±0.20) for clarity and trustworthiness. No clinically inaccurate statements were identified by the raters; however, the high scores and narrow score range indicate a potential ceiling effect that limits discrimination between responses. Raters expressed concern about linguistic complexity, which may impede comprehension among patients with limited health literacy.ConclusionsChatGPT-4o generated generally accurate and relevant diabetes education content, suggesting potential as a supplementary tool in diabetes care. However, the high reading-level complexity, small evaluation scope (ten prompts, one model, one session), and English-only assessment limit the generalisability of these findings. AI-generated content should supplement, not replace, clinician-led education. Future work should address language simplification, multilingual evaluation, and longitudinal assessment of patient outcomes.
Objective: Platelets have a relatively brief shelf life of 5 days and are infrequently available. Periodic audit of blood component utilization is necessary to ensure that corrective measures are taken to increase the proper and rational utilization of each component. Aim: To study the transfusion practices of platelets in a tertiary care center. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2023 to December 2023. Demographics, indications, and appropriateness were assessed. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, were utilized. Results: The total platelets utilized were 1206. A total of 368 patients received 1206 platelets, which accounted for 409 episodes of transfusion. The male-female ratio was 3:1. The maximum utilization of platelets was seen by the Department of Medicine, 550 (45.6%), followed by Emergency Medicine and Traumatology, 263 (21.8%), Surgery, 148 (12.2%), and Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery (CVTS), 94 (7.8%). The most common indication for platelet transfusion was acute bleeding, 85 (20.7%), acute febrile illness (malaria, dengue cases), 68 (16.6%), followed by DIC and Sepsis (9.0%), and hematological conditions, 35 (8.6%); 11.9% of episodes were pre-procedural, 65.7% were prophylactic, and 15.1% were therapeutic. Conclusion: This retrospective assessment of platelet utilization has provided insight into our existing platelet preparation, utilization, and transfusion policies, helping us to promote evidence-based practices by aligning the established guidelines with transfusion practices.
