The objective of the article is to select and justify an approach to formation of a regional resource-saving model of cargo distribution based on determining the economically feasible number of transport and logistics centres that ensure a reduction in delivery costs. The study used methods of economic and mathematical modelling, statistical and comparative analysis, correlation and regression, abstract logical, theoretical and empirical and structural analysis. The paper analyses scientific approaches to cost reduction when choosing an economically feasible number of transport and logistics infrastructure facilities from the standpoint of more efficient spatial selection of infrastructure facilities of the transport and logistics network, contains a correlation and regression analysis of the impact of the number of transport and logistics centres on transport costs when distributing goods in supply chains and estimate of an analytical relationship between these indicators, as well as substantiates the influence of the cargo delivery price level on resource-saving indicators in the cargo distribution system. The results of the conducted research can be used to determine the level of logistics costs and their impact on the prices of final goods and services, which is one of the ways to implement the goal of resource conservation for commercial companies and executive authorities.
Common Position of Scientific Societies: Polish Society of Dermatology (PTD), Polish Society for Fundamental and Clinical Immunology (PTiDiK), Polish Society of Paediatric Oncology and Haematology (PTOHD) Background and Objectives This paper aims to analyse, assess and appraise appropriate use of Normal Polyvalent Immunoglobulins (IgGs) across multiple indications, wherever these therapies are known to be used and have been proven to be an effective therapeutic modality. This assessment is based on a framework proposed by a group of international experts in the recent Green Paper „Appropriate Use of Immunoglobulins in Europe”.1 Based on a systematic application of the framework’s criteria to all IgG conditions and diseases, this paper presents a short-list of indications, where IgG use is appropriate, together with a guidance on optimal therapeutic paradigms. As such, this paper is aimed to assist the clinical community and policy makers in navigating the extremely complex clinical landscape of rare and ultra-rare diseases and conditions, which are either immune-mediated or stem from deficient, dysregulated or dysfunctional immune system. Some of the indications considered in this study are currently not registered for IgG use in Poland or, if registered, not fully covered with reimbursement. In cases where IgG use in such conditions or diseases is found to be appropriate, this study may be also considered by the relevant regulatory and/or HTA bodies as a contribution towards reassessment or reappraisal.
The object of this study is a helical sweeping surface or a helicoid torso and the process of its design according to predefined structural parameters. Helical surfaces are widely used in engineering practice. They have become widespread in devices for transporting various materials, as well as in agricultural machinery. The problem is that when they are manufactured, the technique of their formation from the point of view of analytical description is not always taken into account. Helical surfaces can be linear and nonlinear. Linear surfaces, or helicoids, are formed by the helical motion of a straight-line generatrix around an axis, and the generatrix can intersect it or be coincident. If the straight-line generatrix intersects the axis at a right angle, then the helicoid will be a helical conoid, which is very common in technology under the name of a screw. Certain conditions are imposed on the helical motion of the straight-line generatrix of a helicoid torso. Its main advantage among other helicoids is the possibility of constructing an exact sweep. All other helicoids cannot be swept. For their manufacture, an approximate sweep is found, which is deformed into the desired shape. At the same time, the energy intensity of the process of deformation of this sweep into the finished product increases due to overcoming significant plastic deformations. As a result of this research, dependences were established that make it possible to construct a set of helicoid torsos that pass through the predefined helical line. The results are based on the differential characteristics of the surface. These are their distinctive features from known results, according to which only one helicoid torso corresponds to the predefined helical line. This paper shows the practical application of the helicoid torso as a supporting turn of the narrowing screw of a forage harvester with a radius of R=0.25 m of the outer edge and r=0.125 m of the inner one
Objectives: To analyze the association between peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with clinical and laboratory characteristics in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 60 newly diagnosed HCC patients who had not received any treatment. These patients came for examination and treatment at the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Military Hospital 103, from April 2023 to April 2024. Results: The patients had a mean age of 61.5 years, predominantly male (96.7%), with a median tumor size of 6.4cm, and 21.7% presented with metastasis. The median value of AFP was 965.3 ng/mL, CRP was 13.8 ng/mL, ALBI score was -2.06, NLR was 2.6, and PLR was 104.9. No significant differences in NLR or PLR were observed across subgroups by age, liver function, tumor number/size, or metastasis. NLR correlated positively with AST (r = 0.41), CRP (r = 0.51), ALBI score (r = 0.36), and negatively with albumin (r = -0.38) and prothrombin ratio (r = -0.31), while PLR showed only a weak positive correlation with CRP (r = 0.28). Conclusion: NLR and PLR were associated with markers of liver injury and systemic inflammation. NLR showed moderate correlations with AST, CRP, ALBI score, albumin, and prothrombin ratio, whereas PLR demonstrated only a weak correlation with CRP.
