Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University

The nanofluid flow through a Riga device has vibrant applications in heat transfer, biomedical engineering specifically to direct the nanoparticles in a particular area. Also, enhanced properties of nanofluids are advantageous for therapeutic applications like hyperthermia treatment. Thus, the current study aims to model a novel tetra nanofluid for enhanced heat transfer applications. The model accommodates the influence of heating source, convective condition, dissipation and magnetization. The tetra nanofluid comprises the NPs of Al2O3, TiO2, CuO and Ag owing to their excellent thermal characteristics. The developed model analyzed numerically and then investigated the influence of the parameters. It is examined that the unsteady (A=0.1,0.5,0.9,1.3), radiations (Rd=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7) and heating source parameters excellently promote the heat transfer under in the presence of dissipation effects in nanofluids. However, the strong Lorentz forces produced due to magnetic field (M=1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0) observed good to maintain the system's cooling. Further, the skin friction coefficient enhances due to increasing strength of magnetic field and unsteady number. Further, the tetra nanofluid possesses dominant heat transfer rate than conventional ternary, hybrid and simple fluids due to promising thermal conductivity. Moreover, the Eckert number (Ec=0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4) observed as a key tool to augment the heat across all under consideration nanofluids, while tetra type shows higher increasing trends. On the basis of current findings, the tetra nanofluids are suggested more efficient heat transfer fluids than the previous classes.

Research on hybrid nanofluids has enhanced significantly in the recent years, and the results show the ideal heat transfer fluids for engineering applications are hybrid nano-fluids because of their enriched thermo-physical properties. The current numerical computational examination aims to simulate the properties of hybrid nano-fluids heat transportation on a vertical stretching/shrinking surface. Alumina (Al2O3) and silver (Ag) are the hybrid nanoparticles, while water is the base fluid. Thermal radiation, heat source/sink effects, and Joule heating all contribute to the transportation phenomena in Darcy-Forchheimer medium porous materials. Non-linear ODEs are obtained from governing PDEs by using suitable similarity transformation. MATLAB's numerical technique LM-BPS is applied to estimate the integration of flow work. Analysis of the behaviors of a few physical flow limitations is done using graphical and numerical results. The values of parameters including M (Magnetic field), S (Suction parameter) and Pr (Prandtl number) are changed to obtain the results. The results show that increasing values of M and S cause the velocity profile f(y)(eta) to decrease and increasing values of S and Pr cause the temperature profile 0(eta) to decrease.

Tetra-hybrid Nano fluids are increasingly recognized as next-generation heat transport media with wide-ranging applications in semiconductor chip cooling, aerospace thermal regulation, solar thermal collectors, nuclear reactor safety, biomedical hyperthermia for tumor therapy, and large-scale energy storage. This study investigates the stagnation-point flow of tetra-hybrid Nano fluids over an inclined stretching and shrinking cylinder under the combined influences of quadratic thermal radiation, magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) effects, heat absorption, mixed convection, velocity slip, and convective boundary conditions. By employing similarity transformations, the governing conservation equations are converted into a system of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved using MATLAB's bvp4c solver and cross-validated via the Adam Numerical Technique (ANT) implemented in Mathematica. The results show that the inclination parameter decreases velocity but elevates temperature fields in both stretching and shrinking regimes, while curvature enhances velocity under stretching and diminishes it under shrinking, with consistent thermal intensification in both cases. Nanoparticle volume fraction produces contrasting velocity effects, dampening under stretching and enhancing under shrinking while universally increasing temperature. Heat absorption, quadratic radiation, temperature ratio, and mixed convection parameters substantially thicken the thermal boundary layer. Skinfriction and Nusselt number analyses reveal that inclination and mixed convection reduce wall shear stress, whereas nanoparticle loading, curvature, magnetic effects, and mass suction exert regime-dependent impacts. Comparative evaluation indicates that conventional Nano fluids provide higher heat transfer performance than hybrid, ternary, and tetra-hybrid suspensions. Streamline visualizations illustrate the influence of mass suction and velocity slip on flow morphology. Finally, integration with a Levenberg-Marquardt Back propagation Neural Network (LMB-NN) confirms predictive accuracy, yielding mean squared errors between 10- 5 and 10-4. The strong agreement between numerical and neural network models demonstrates the robustness, precision, and applicability of the combined computational and artificial intelligence framework for magneto hydrodynamic Nano fluid systems in advanced energy, aerospace, biomedical, and microelectronic applications [53].

This work explores the irreversible behavior of MHD-HNF flow containing (Ti6Al4V–ZnO) nanoparticles in engine oil through a porous elastic surface by considering the cumulative impacts of viscous heating and variable thermal source. The flow behavior of HNF is describe by applying the ANNs on governing model. Due to the electrical conductivity of HNF, an induced magnetic field arises within the flow field. The governing PDE's are reduced to ODE's by means of similarity transformations. The entropy generation characteristics influenced by the major parameters are comparatively investigated for HNF in Cartesian geometry by using ANNs. The graphical outputs are obtained by varying different parameters such as; M, Qe, Re, Pr & Br, for discussions of numerical results on f′(ξ) , NG(ξ) and θ(ξ) profile. By using ANNs total 101 samples are attained from matrix data. The total samples are divides, 81 for training data, 10 for testing and 10 for validation. For each scenario the graphical outcomes are attained for EHA, FFO, TSD, RG-A, soltuion graph, MSE and AE. Observed that f′(ξ) profile drops with rising values of M. The θ(ξ) profile continuously declines when we increase the values of Pr. Moreover, θ(ξ) profile increases due to increment in Qe. The NG(ξ) profile tends to rise when we increase difference of Br, Re and M. The MSE penalties (testing, training, validation) MHD flow on a stretching porous surface lies between 10−10to1002. The gradients values lie around 10−08to10−06 for MHD flow. EHA of MHD flow is recorded around 10−07to10−06. The AE of MHD flow by using LMBNNs is noted between −6×100to8×10−05 for all six scenarios.

This study investigates the heat mechanism in a porous fin using penta nanofluid due to its exciting applications in chemical engineering, thermal technologies, cooling devices, and in renewable energy. The novelty of this research falls in the use of penta nanoparticles with extended Tiwari and Das model, which modifies beyond the traditional models and it provides enrich heat transfer characteristics and efficiency control. The governing problem reduced into appropriate form by incorporating porosity, conductive heating, heat source and effective properties of modified Tiwari and Das model and then analyzed through MATLAB bvp4c algorithm. The problem results shown that the heat mechanism, efficiency and heatlines substantially improves with heat, thermal radiations and convective parameters. However, the porosity drops the heat from the fin due to enhanced medium resistance. Moreover, the use of penta nanofluid improve the cooling efficiency in the presence of model parameters. Thus, the proposed model with extended Tiwari and Das correlation offers a better energy management strategy for energy systems, and thermal engineering where precise heat transport and diminished heat losses are essential.