This paper provides a critical review of advancements in the structural stability and ultimate strength analysis of lightweight spherical shell pressure hulls, addressing a persistent challenge in mechanical engineering and ocean engineering design. We begin by critically evaluating the reliability of established design codes against recent experimental and computational findings, highlighting a persistent predictive gap caused by multi-modal manufacturing imperfections. We emphasize that localized geometric imperfections, such as the Force-Induced Dimple (FID), cause a significantly greater reduction in collapse pressure (up to four times worse) than conventional global eigenmode shapes, proving the inadequacy of generalized models. The review then details the necessity of advanced material systems to enhance structural integrity: (1) Hybrid Domes: We analyze research establishing that optimal layup configuration is crucial, requiring high-yield material to be strategically placed on the innermost layer to maximize stability delay. (2) Auxetic Structures: We highlight novel developments in composite materials utilizing Negative Poisson Ratio (NPR) auxetics, reporting substantial potential stability gains. The paper concludes by arguing that to overcome the high unpredictability resulting from compounding flaws, the field must adopt a digital twin framework. This framework mandates the integration of high-fidelity, as-built imperfection data (including FID models) with probabilistic computational strategies, shifting structural analysis from conservative lower-bound estimates to reliable, performance-based forecasting.
Human capital, encompassing education, skills, health, and experience, is a key driver of economic and social development. This study presents a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic conditions that influence human capital development in Montenegro, Thailand, Malaysia, and Indonesia from 2000 to 2023, utilising the Socioeconomic Capacity Index (SCI). The analysis combines (a) comparative statistical assessment of SCI and its four subindices, (b) trend-based projection of future SCI values using linear regression, and (c) Difference-in-Differences (DiD) analysis to examine the effects of the COVID-19 period on SCI dynamics. Results show substantial cross-country differences. Malaysia and Montenegro record the highest median SCI values (0.616 and 0.591), indicating stronger socioeconomic structures, while Indonesia’s lower median SCI (0.439) reflects challenges in education quality and productivity. Thailand’s median SCI (0.511) places it between the extremes. Subindex comparisons reveal that Malaysia leads in economic productivity (average score 0.68) and Montenegro performs strongest in health outcomes (median 0.92). Predictive modelling suggests that, under current trajectories, Malaysia and Montenegro could reach SCI levels above 0.8 by 2030, Thailand may approach approximately 0.76, whereas Indonesia may rise to around 0.64. Results indicate that a 15
This study aims to examine the key factors influencing housewives entrepreneurial intentions in Malaysia, specifically focusing on entrepreneurial passion, social support, technological competence, economic necessity, and opportunity recognition. The primary objective is to contribute to the understanding of these factors and their implications for empowering housewives through entrepreneurship. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 410 respondents using structured questionnaires distributed through purposive and convenience sampling methods. The variables were assessed using a 5-point Likert scale, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and SmartPLS 4.0. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial passion, technological competence, and economic necessity have a significant and positive effect on housewives entrepreneurial intentions, whereas social support does not exhibit a significant influence. The analysis further reveals that economic necessity mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurial intention, while opportunity recognition mediates the relationship between technological competence and entrepreneurial intention. This research makes an important contribution to the growing body of literature on entrepreneurial intentions by providing new insights into the factors that shape entrepreneurial behavior among housewives in Malaysia. The findings have practical implications for policymakers and organizations seeking to design effective strategies to promote entrepreneurial activities within this demographic. This study offers originality by applying the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior and the Push and Pull Theory to explore the mediating roles of economic necessity and opportunity recognition, thereby advancing theoretical and empirical knowledge in this area.
The integration of high penetration of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbines into distribution networks offers various benefits that align with the increasing use of renewable energy sources (RESs). However, this also introduces power system problems such as a high probability of reverse power flow, increased power loss, voltage sag, low voltage stability, and intermittent nature problems. This study introduces a new approach, the Fast Iterative Process and Slime Mould Algorithm (FIP-SMA) method, which combines the classical method and meta-heuristic algorithm through multi-objective function and a new index factor. This method assesses the optimal placement of large-scale solar photovoltaic systems into bus feeders, considering real intermittency LSSPV and uncertainty load demand. A multi-objective function was formulated to simultaneously achieve precise confirmation of allocation, leading to cost reduction, minimised loss, improve voltage deviation and voltage stability and enhanced net savings. The results show the FIP-SMA algorithm improves the required multi-objective function compared to PSO and GA and provides more confidence in verifying the effectiveness. Analysis of the speed, convergence, and initial seed also verified that FIP-SMA performed better. Advanced simulations and numerical analyses have effectively minimised energy losses, voltage deviations, and boosted voltage stability, thereby improving the performance of distribution networks operating under intermittent situations characterised by minute fluctuations.
Wound healing represents a highly coordinated biological process in which damaged tissue undergoes repair and regeneration. In the present study, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis-pectin hydrogel films (HRS-PHF) were evaluated for their wound healing potential using a partial-thickness burn model in male Sprague Dawley rats. Three concentrations of HRS-PHF and a pectin-only hydrogel film (PHF) were prepared through solvent evaporation and characterized in detail. The films were examined for their physicochemical and structural properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), along with measurements of thickness, pH, moisture content, contact angle, and swelling ratio. Antimicrobial activity was tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, while anti-inflammatory effects were assessed using the bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein denaturation assay. Wound progression was evaluated macroscopically on days 0, 2, 7, 14, and 21, followed by histological confirmation. All HRS-PHF-treated groups exhibited accelerated wound closure compared to PHF and control groups, accompanied by enhanced re-epithelialization and greater collagen deposition by day 14 (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Improved hydrophilicity was observed in HRS-PHF-1, and XRD results confirmed the films’ amorphous characteristics. HRS-PHF-2 and HRS-PHF-3 showed notable antibacterial activity, with HRS-PHF-3 demonstrating anti-inflammatory activity comparable to diclofenac sodium (ANOVA; p > 0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that HRS-PHF possesses desirable multifunctional properties suitable for advanced wound dressing applications.
