Grounded in Ecological Systems Theory and conceptually informed by the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) framework, this study examines how family and school emotional processes are jointly associated with children’s emotion regulation (ER). Specifically, the study tested whether parental positive emotional expression (PPEE), as reported by parent respondents, and teacher-child relationship quality, as reported by teachers, were independently and interactively associated with preschool children’s ER in China. Data were collected from 410 children aged 3-6 years attending 12 kindergartens in Eastern China using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure. Children’s ER was assessed by teachers through standardized questionnaires. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and hierarchical regression models. Moderation effects were further examined using sensitivity analyses based on randomly selected subsamples. In this cross-sectional sample, higher levels of PPEE were generally associated with better teacher-rated ER in preschool children, suggesting a consistent link between emotionally supportive family environments and children’s regulatory functioning, rather than evidence of causal influence. The positive PPEE-ER association was stronger at higher levels of teacher-child closeness. A weaker association was observed at higher levels of teacher-child conflict, although bootstrap confidence intervals included zero for both interactions.Overall, these findings highlight the interconnected roles of emotional processes in family and classroom contexts during early childhood. They suggest that coordinated family-school approaches that consider positive parental emotional expression and high-quality teacher-child relationships may be valuable for supporting young children’s ER.
Healthcare workforce migration has become a critical issue affecting the sustainability of Malaysia's healthcare system. The increasing outflow of healthcare professionals, particularly doctors and nurses, to higher-income countries has intensified domestic workforce shortages and raised concerns about access to quality healthcare. This article examines the legal and socio-economic dimensions of healthcare workforce migration in Malaysia, with particular emphasis on regulatory responses and labour protection frameworks. Employing a doctrinal and socio-legal methodology, the study analyses Malaysian labour laws, migration policies, and international standards governing the mobility of health workers. It argues that current frameworks are fragmented and insufficiently aligned with long-term workforce sustainability objectives. It concludes that a more integrated regulatory approach is necessary to address the structural drivers of brain drain and ensure sustainable healthcare delivery.
Abstract Precast concrete offers significant advantages in modern construction, but its long-term performance is critically governed by the durability of its connections. These connections act as preferential sites for reinforcement corrosion, making them the most vulnerable components in precast structures. While extensive research exists on corrosion in monolithic concrete, a significant knowledge gap persists for precast connections. This state-of-the-art review synthesizes literature on the structural performance of corroded precast connections. It evaluates how corrosion impacts key parameters, including load-carrying capacity, moment–rotation, deflection, and stiffness and discusses practical mitigation, inspection, and repair strategies. The review establishes that degradation is consistently more severe in precast connections than in monolithic elements due to localized interface effects. Further, significant deficiencies in design codes [e.g., ACI 318-19 (ACI 2019) and Eurocode 2 (CEN 2011)] are identified, as they lack specific guidance for assessing corroded connections. The findings underscore the nonconservative nature of extrapolating monolithic data and highlight the need for research on tailored testing, modeling, and design guidelines for precast infrastructure.
