Nalanda University

This document investigates the influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on communication within Indonesia’s digital society. It systematically reviews the literature and conceptualizes the Prompt Society, which describes the condition wherein communication becomes procedural and algorithmically mediated. The automation of reflexivity, cognitive dependency, and algorithmic power describes the three highly interlinked dimensions identified. The author demonstrates the reconfiguration of social agency and interaction, communication, and the human process of social interaction by moving from a reflective conversation to simple procedural prompting. The author acknowledges the need for critical intervention in algorithmic literacy to preserve ethical and reflective communication.

Microplastics (MPs), recognised as emerging contaminants, are increasingly prevalent in riverine ecosystems due to escalating anthropogenic activities. River deltas, which typically serve as ecologically rich and pristine habitats, are now under threat from solid and liquid waste inputs, particularly in rivers flowing through urban and agricultural landscapes. This research investigates MP contamination in sediments of the Brahmani River within the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Odisha (India), encompassing both mangrove and non-mangrove sites. The highest recorded abundance was 50.4 items/kg dry weight (dw) and 25 items/kg wet weight (ww), with fibers, fragments, and films as the dominant morphotypes. Across most sites, fibers in the 0.1–5 mm size range were predominant. Polymer identification by ATR-FTIR revealed a predominance of polyamide (PA), followed by low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), and polypropylene (PP). SEM–EDS analyses revealed that MPs had surface-adsorbed heavy metals (HMs), including chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, barium, and lead, which were sourced from the surrounding riverine environment. Risk assessment indices, including contamination factor (CF), polymer hazard index (PHI), potential ecological risk index (PERI), and pollution load index (PLI), indicated high ecological risk at several sites. High ecological risk indices were observed, raising serious concerns for elephants that depend on the river for drinking water. Ecological functioning in the Brahmani River in Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary supports saltwater crocodiles, Olive Ridley turtles, and other native and migratory birds. Mangrove sediments were identified as significant sinks for MPs, with the potential to disrupt benthic communities and impair mangrove productivity. This research will help ecologists, policymakers, NGOs, and state and federal governments develop policies and regulations to protect the Brahmani River, which supports the ecological functions of Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park.

Let be a separable Hilbert space and let . We first show that is subnormal if and only if is subnormal for almost all . Next, given and a finite Blaschke-Potapov product in (the Cowen set of ), we consider the question of which subnormal Toeplitz operators are normal or analytic, and we give a sufficient condition for an affirmative answer. In addition, we extend a result of Nakazi-Takahashi for scalar-valued Toeplitz operators with finite rank self-commutators.

Corruption poses a persistent challenge to effective governance because it undermines public trust, institutional accountability, and moral integrity. However, anti-corruption efforts that emphasize administrative and technological mechanisms may remain ineffective without support from ethical leadership and participatory social norms. This study examines how Nurcholish Madjid’s humanistic and modernist perspective can inform anti-corruption governance by integrating moral reform, community-based social control, ethical leadership, and digital transparency. Madjid was a prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectual who championed modernist ideas and authored influential works on religion, modernity, morality, and socio-political issues; his thought continues to attract the attention of scholars and activists today. Employing a qualitative research design, the study combines a literature analysis of Madjid’s major works with empirical data from a Focus Group Discussion involving local government representatives, village heads, and Islamic organization representatives, focusing on experiences in Sisir Subdistrict and Bulukerto Village. The findings indicate that digital governance mechanisms can strengthen transparency and accountability, but their effectiveness depends on moral integrity, community participation, and institutional commitment. The experiences of Sisir Subdistrict and Bulukerto Village illustrate different dimensions of this relationship: digital system integration supports administrative transparency, while community involvement strengthens social oversight. The study contributes to anti-corruption scholarship by demonstrating how moral and social dimensions can complement digital governance mechanisms within local institutional contexts. Practically, the findings suggest that sustainable anti-corruption policies should integrate ethical leadership, civic participation, community oversight, and digital accountability rather than relying on technological solutions alone.

Ponds, ubiquitous in subtropical regions, play a pivotal role in regulating the regional hydrological cycle, fostering biodiversity, and providing livelihood opportunities. This study assesses the water quality and ecological health of ten rural and urban ponds in Gaya district, Bihar, analysing PO₄3⁻, SO₄2⁻, NO₃⁻, Chl-a, DO, BOD, COD, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and bicarbonate, during February–March 2021. Anthropogenic activities, including grey water, domestic waste, and agricultural runoff, have led to elevated nutrient and organic loads, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) ranging from 35.0 to 60.0 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranging from 130.0 to 290.0 mg/L, exceeding limits prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). All ponds were classified as hypertrophic, based on Carlson’s Composite Trophic Status Index (CTSI > 90), indicating excessive nutrient enrichment. High concentrations of total nitrogen (TN-66–236 mg/L) and total phosphorus (TN-0.45–12.2 mg/L) indicate strong phosphorus and nitrogen-driven trophic pressure throughout the system. Persistently higher TSI(TN) than TSI(TP) across rural and urban sites indicates nitrogen loading as the primary regulator of trophic state. Furthermore, the Water Quality Index (WQI, 207.1–350.9) indicated unsuitability for domestic use. Globally, small ponds are being lost due to intensive agriculture, encroachment and urban sprawl, even though they are increasingly recognised as critical regulators of nutrient cycling, refuges for freshwater biodiversity, buffers against droughts and floods, and serve as potential sources of irrigation and drinking water. Therefore, assessing their ecological health for human use is vital for advancing sustainable development and guiding rejuvenation strategies and policy frameworks to strengthen conservation practices.