The Ministry of Ayush, a ministry of the Government of India, is responsible for developing education, research and propagation of indigenous and alternative medicine systems in India. Ayush is a name devised from the names of the alternative healthcare systems covered by the ministry: Ayurveda, Yoga & naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy.The Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) was first established in 1995 under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. ISM&H was renamed as the Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy or Department of AYUSH. The department was made into an official ministry by the Narendra Modi, Government of India in 2014.The ministry of Ayush has faced significant criticism for funding systems that lack biological plausibility and are either untested or conclusively proven as ineffective. Quality of research has been poor, and drugs have been launched without rigorous pharmacological studies and meaningful clinical trials on Ayurveda or other alternative healthcare systems. The ministry has been accused of promoting pseudoscience.
This study outlines the development and validation of a High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method for the precise estimation of Cuminaldehyde and β-Sitosterol in AYUSH SS Granules, a complex herbal formulation. The optimal mobile phases, Toluene: Ethyl Acetate: Acetic Acid (9:0.8:0.2 v/v/v) for Cuminaldehyde and Benzene: Ethyl Acetate: Formic Acid (6:4.5:0.5 v/v/v) for β-Sitosterol, achieved clear separations and distinct peak profiles. Method validation demonstrated strong linearity for both markers, with correlation coefficients (r2) of 0.9918 for Cuminaldehyde and 0.9994 for β-Sitosterol. Specificity was confirmed by consistent Rf values and peak purity across standards and samples, as supported by 2D-densitograms. The method displayed excellent precision with intra-day and inter-day RSD values below 2
Abstract Background The RP-HPLC method has been established to simultaneous estimation of seven markers in polyherbal formulation JKC using the C18 (25 × 0.46 cm, i.d,5 µm) column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol: water (80:20) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and observed retention time at 2 to 11 min with sharp points. The marker compounds viz. Andrographolide (AG), Piperine (PP), Picroside-I (P-I), Picroside-II (P-II), α-Cyprone (AC), 6-Shogaol (6S), and 6-Gingerol (6G) were quantified in JKC formulations by HPLC method. Detection was performed at the wavelength (λ) of 229 nm for AG, 343 nm for PP, 279 nm for P-I, 264 nm for P-II, 254 nm for AC, and 280 nm for both 6S and 6G by HPLC–PDA detector. Results The marker compounds in JKC formulations were observed in different retention times (Rt) i.e. AG at 3.060 ± 0.01 min, PP at 5.460 ± 0.03 min, P-I at 2.789 ± 0.02 min, P-II at 2.553 ± 0.03 min, AC at 10.951 ± 0.02 min, 6S at 6.302 ± 0.03 min, and 6G at 4.111 ± 0.02 min respectively. The proposed method was validated with acceptable linearity (r2 0.9995–0.9999), precision, robustness, ruggedness, and accuracy (RSD < 2%) under optimum conditions. The limit of detection and quantification of bioactive markers were as: AG (1.386; 4.200 ppm), PP (2.033; 6.161 ppm), P-I (2.822; 8.553 ppm), P-II (2.538; 7.691 ppm), AC (0.269; 0.815 ppm), 6G (0.158; 0.480 ppm), 6S (0.188; 0.569 ppm). The amount (mg/g) of bioactive markers detected and estimated in plants and formulation were as: AG (41.282 ± 0.48; 10.06 ± 0.18), PP (53.81 ± 0.25, 13.82 ± 0.37 in PN, PL; 4.27 ± 0.07), P-I (15.97 ± 0.01; 0.48 ± 0.003), P-II (63.24 ± 0.35; 2.31 ± 0.006), AC (0.42 ± 0.01; 0.36 ± 0.006), 6G (0.71 ± 0.03; 0.16 ± 0.001), and 6S (2.64 ± 0.09; 0.12 ± 0.004) respectively. Method was found to be rugged and robust. The results found for all the validation parameters were within the limits according to ICH guidelines. Conclusion The proposed method is fast, precise, economic, and specific and used for the simultaneously quantifiable analysis of seven major bioactive markers in the ingredients (herbs) and the JKC formulations.
Background: Annabhedi cenduram is a classical preparation that has been used since ancient times for anemia in Ayurvedic/Siddha practice. The safety profile of the compound in experimental animals has not been established completely. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the safety of the same through acute and subacute oral toxicity studies. Materials and Methods: Before the start of the safety study, a physiochemical analysis of the test compound was carried out. The thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was done using 90% ethanolic extract of annabhedi cenduram using the toluene, chloroform, and methanol solvent with a ratio of 2:6:2. After completion of the physicochemical analysis, the acute oral toxicity was carried out with the test doses of 52, 260, 520 mg/kg and similarly subacute toxicity study was carried out with 36, 180, and 360 mg/kg doses. Results: The physiochemical analysis through TLC established the presence of several phytoconstituents of different Rf values. During the safety analysis of test compound cage side observations, feed intake, body weight, gross morphology, and necropsy findings of the animals were found to be normal, and no mortality was reported in either of the studies. The hematological, biochemical, and urinary profiles of the test compound during the subacute toxicity showed nonsignificant change as compared to the control animals. Further, the histopathological analysis of major organs of high doses of: Annabhedi cenduram (360 mg/kg) treated animals showed no major lesions and treatment-related changes. Conclusions: The findings of this study established the safety of: Annabhedi cenduram in acute and subacute oral toxicity studies with an LD50 of >520 mg/kg and NOAEL of up to 360 mg/kg.
The world witnessed much research fund allocation on the COVID-19 outbreak's epidemiology, pathology, impact on lifestyles, social behaviours and treatment possibilities. The highly contagious nature of the disease compelled scientific communities and related organisations to hasten vaccine development and supplies. Well-timed international collaborations resulted in quicker development of varied forms of vaccines against COVID-19. Prospective observational studies and systematic reviews on vaccine trials reported their safety and efficacies. Nevertheless, post-marketing surveillance is quintessential to ascertain such safety and efficacy claims. There have been scattered reports lately of several adverse temporal events, such as haematological, immunological and neurological untoward occurrences following COVID-19 inoculation. There is a growing piece of evidence of the impact of COVID vaccination on patients with neurological-neuroimmunological disorders. Here two unrelated cases of neurological deficits post-COVID vaccination are reported. One was an incidence of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis, while the other was an acute exacerbation of Multiple Sclerosis following vaccination. Ayurvedic treatments were effective in either of these conditions. Case series and case reports shall judiciously add information to vaccine safety data and acknowledge the necessity of clinician approval, based on detailed individualised assessments before mass vaccination.
