The global halal industry has experienced rapid growth, prompting the Indonesian government to strengthen the halal MSME ecosystem through certification, mentoring, and digitalisation programmes. However, halal MSMEs in developing regions such as Deli Serdang Regency still face constraints, including limited mentor availability, restricted market access, slow halal certification processes, and the low utilisation of artificial intelligence (AI) in business incubation. This study aims to explore an AI-based Smart Halal Business Incubator model that can support the digital transformation of halal MSMEs in Deli Serdang Regency. The study employs an exploratory qualitative approach using the systematic grounded theory strategy of Strauss and Corbin, involving halal MSME actors, academics, local government, halal process assistants, business incubator managers, investors, and halal certification bodies as purposively selected informants until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, FGDs, observation, and documentation, and were analysed through open, axial, and selective coding. The findings yield a new conceptual framework, the AI-Driven Smart Halal Business Incubation Framework (ASHBI Framework).
Abstract. Simatupang J, Siregar MA, Sibuea MB. 2025. Gender-based technical efficiency analysis of smallholder palm oil plantations in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Asian J Agric 9: 766-776. The productivity of smallholder palm oil plantations, managed by both male and female farmers, has recently been low due to inefficient allocation of inputs. Previous efficiency literature in Indonesia has not focused on examining differences in technical efficiency between the two genders of smallholder household heads and has used parametric methods. This study examines which oil palm farming is more efficient based on gender and the determinants of technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in North Sumatra, Indonesia. North Sumatra is a key region for palm oil production in Indonesia, and understanding the efficiency of smallholder farmers in this region can provide valuable insights for the entire industry. Input-output and socio-economic data on palm oil production activities in 2023 were collected from 273 male smallholders and 177 female smallholders. We employed Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess technical efficiency. We employed the Tobit model to examine the influence of socio-economic factors on the technical efficiency of smallholder farmers in the study area. We found that female smallholders are more efficient than male smallholders. However, inefficient female smallholders must reduce inputs to make their farming efficient. This study highlights the crucial role of access to credit, ICT, and farmer groups in technical efficiency. Government policies are expected to lower interest rates, simplify credit application requirements, develop extensive ICT infrastructure in smallholder plantations, and assist with access to capital and information dissemination within farmer groups. Government intervention is expected to improve the technical efficiency and economic sustainability of smallholder oil palm plantations in North Sumatra.
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh insentif progresif dan beban kerja terhadap produktivitas tenaga kerja pemanen kelapa sawit melalui workforce resilience sebagai variabel mediasi pada PTPN IV Regional II Kebun Air Batu. Penelitian dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pengelolaan sumber daya manusia pada sektor perkebunan kelapa sawit dalam menghadapi tuntutan peningkatan produktivitas, sementara karakteristik pekerjaan pemanen memiliki beban kerja yang tinggi dan sistem insentif yang berbasis pencapaian hasil kerja. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh tenaga kerja pemanen kelapa sawit pada PTPN IV Regional II Kebun Air Batu sebanyak 321. Teknik penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dengan rumus slovin (5%) sehingga diperoleh jumlah sample sebanyak 178 responden. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa insentif progresif berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived work productivity (persepsi produktivitas kerja) dan workforce resilience. Beban kerja juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap perceived work productivity serta workforce resilience, sehingga hipotesis yang mengasumsikan pengaruh negatif tidak didukung oleh hasil empiris. Selanjutnya, workforce resilience terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas kerja, serta mampu memediasi secara positif dan signifikan pengaruh insentif progresif dan beban kerja terhadap produktivitas kerja tenaga kerja pemanen kelapa sawit. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada konteks pekerjaan pemanen kelapa sawit, beban kerja tidak hanya dipersepsikan sebagai tuntutan pekerjaan, tetapi juga sebagai tantangan dan peluang memperoleh kompensasi melalui sistem insentif progresif, sehingga memperkuat kemampuan adaptasi tenaga kerja
This study examines and compares civil legal liability in the provision of health services between the Social Security Administration for Health (BPJS Kesehatan) in Indonesia and the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. Both health insurance systems represent concrete forms of state intervention in fulfilling citizens' basic rights to health, but have fundamentally different legal foundations, institutional structures, and civil legal liability mechanisms. Using a normative-comparative legal research method, this study analyzes the legal construction of civil liability, dispute resolution mechanisms, and legal protection for participants in both systems. The results show that Indonesia still relies on a liability approach based on the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) and sectoral regulations with high institutional fragmentation, while the United Kingdom has established an integrated NHS Resolution system with a mature negligence doctrine and an efficient compensation mechanism. This study recommends structural reforms to the BPJS Kesehatan civil legal liability system towards a more integrated, transparent, and participant-protection-oriented model.
Pemanfaatan media visual dalam pembelajaran sejarah menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran, khususnya pada materi sejarah pendudukan Jepang yang memiliki karakteristik kompleks dan abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perencanaan, pelaksanaan, serta hambatan dan solusi dalam pemanfaatan media visual melalui pendekatan kontekstual pada pembelajaran sejarah pendudukan Jepang di SMA Negeri 11 Medan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi terhadap guru sejarah serta siswa kelas XI yang dipilih secara purposive. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan, sedangkan keabsahan data diuji melalui triangulasi sumber dan member check. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru merencanakan penggunaan media visual berupa peta, gambar, infografis, dan video secara sistematis sesuai capaian pembelajaran, karakteristik materi, dan kebutuhan peserta didik. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, media visual mampu meningkatkan perhatian, partisipasi, pemahaman konsep, serta kemampuan berpikir historis siswa melalui pengaitan materi dengan pengalaman nyata dalam pendekatan kontekstual. Adapun hambatan yang ditemukan meliputi keterbatasan fasilitas, gangguan teknis, serta kompetensi guru dalam menyiapkan media pembelajaran. Hambatan tersebut diatasi melalui penggunaan media alternatif, pengunduhan video sebelum pembelajaran, pemanfaatan ruang multimedia, dan peningkatan kompetensi guru secara mandiri. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan media visual dalam pendekatan kontekstual berkontribusi terhadap terciptanya pembelajaran sejarah yang lebih aktif, bermakna, dan berpusat pada peserta didik.
