The principle of strict liability constitutes a fundamental instrument in environmental law aimed at strengthening accountability for high-risk business activities and ensuring the restoration of environmental damage. In Indonesia, this principle is codified in Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. However, its application in environmental civil litigation continues to encounter significant challenges, particularly following regulatory changes introduced through the Job Creation Law. This study analyzes the legal framework governing strict liability in Indonesian environmental law, the juridical constraints affecting its implementation in environmental civil lawsuits, and the judicial reasoning reflected in Decision Number 20/Pdt.G/LH/2024/PN Surabaya. The research employs a normative legal research method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that the application of strict liability in judicial practice still faces several obstacles, particularly in proving environmental loss and establishing complex causal relationships, as well as the reliance on scientific evidence. Nevertheless, the court’s decision demonstrates a progressive interpretation of strict liability by emphasizing the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and the imperative of environmental restoration. This study underscores the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks and developing technical guidelines for environmental damage valuation in order to enhance the effectiveness of strict liability implementation in environmental civil litigation.
Perubahan manajemen keperawatan di rumah sakit merupakan fenomena yang tidak terelakkan akibat perkembangan teknologi, tuntutan mutu pelayanan, dan dinamika sistem kesehatan global. Kesiapan perawat (readiness for change) menjadi faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan implementasi perubahan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan perawat dalam menghadapi transformasi manajemen keperawatan melalui pendekatan narrative review. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran deskripsi literatur dari database Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang tahun 2020–2026. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan perawat dipengaruhi oleh tiga dimensi utama: faktor individu (pengetahuan, sikap, self-efficacy), faktor organisasi (budaya organisasi, komunikasi, dukungan sumber daya), dan faktor kepemimpinan (gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, komunikasi, dan empowerment). Faktor kepemimpinan terbukti memiliki peran paling dominan dalam memediasi hubungan antara faktor individu dan organisasi terhadap kesiapan perubahan. Kesiapan perawat merupakan konstruksi multidimensional yang membutuhkan pendekatan sistemik berbasis individu, organisasi, dan kepemimpinan untuk memastikan keberhasilan transformasi manajemen keperawatan.
Textile dye contamination in wastewater remains a major environmental concern due to the persistence and toxicity of synthetic dyes such as methylene blue (MB). Therefore, the development of efficient, environmentally friendly photocatalysts has attracted increasing attention for sustainable wastewater treatment. A green and efficient microwave-assisted biosynthesis route was employed to synthesize zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Nelumbo nucifera root extract as a bioreductant. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were systematically characterized using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and EDX spectroscopy analyses. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic absorption peak at 362 nm, corresponding to a reduced band gap energy of 2.71 eV. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of a highly crystalline hexagonal wurtzite structure with an average crystallite size of 13–18 nm. FTIR spectra revealed Zn-O stretching vibrations, along with phytochemical functional groups that contribute to reduction and stabilization. DLS analysis indicated a hydrodynamic diameter of 29.5 ± 2.89 nm, suggesting relatively uniform particle distribution, while SEM images showed quasi-spherical morphology with slight aggregation. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Zn and O as the dominant elements, with no detectable impurities. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanoparticles was evaluated by MB degradation under UV irradiation, achieving a maximum degradation efficiency of 91.7 % within 120 min. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.0184 min–1 (the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.93). These results demonstrate that microwave-assisted green synthesis using Nelumbo nucifera root extract provides an effective, eco-friendly, and scalable approach for producing ZnO nanoparticles with promising photocatalytic activity.
Background: Family planning programmes in underserved areas of Sindh require more than commodity availability because contraceptive decision-making is shaped by social norms, gender power, myths about side effects, women’s mobility, and trust in service providers. Community-based models such as Marvi Markaz/BiB may improve acceptability by linking door-to-door counselling with safe local access points, but qualitative evidence is needed to understand how such models are experienced by women, men, frontline workers, and programme staff. Objective: This study explored perceptions of the Marvi Markaz/BiB family planning model, focusing on acceptability, barriers and facilitators, and conditions for sustainability. Methods: An interpretative qualitative endline evaluation was conducted using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with married women of reproductive age, men, Marvi workers, and programme staff. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, with attention to patterns across participant groups and implementation perspectives. Results: Six themes were identified: trust in Marvi workers, safe local service space, myths and fear of side effects, gendered decision-making, commodity continuity, and sustainability through supervision and monitoring. Acceptability was linked to familiar local counselling, privacy, reduced travel barriers, and commodity linkage, while barriers included misinformation, male approval, household influence, and supply interruptions. Conclusion: The model was perceived as acceptable when trust, safe spaces, and commodity access worked together. Sustainability requires male engagement, refresher training, supervision, monitoring, and reliable supply systems.
The advancement of smart building technologies requires energy management systems that are both efficient and capable of adapting to dynamic operational conditions. A key component of such systems is reliable electrical load forecasting, as building energy demand is affected by environmental conditions, occupancy behavior, and operational activities that exhibit nonlinear and time-dependent characteristics. This study explores the use of the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) approach for forecasting smart building electricity consumption based on multivariate time-series data. The input dataset incorporates temporal features, ambient temperature, humidity levels, occupancy-related patterns, and major electrical load components within the building. The research workflow consists of data preprocessing, normalization, time-series construction using a sliding window strategy, LSTM model training, and evaluation of forecasting performance. The findings indicate that the building’s electricity demand varies approximately between 6 kW and 17 kW, with an average load ranging from 11 to 12 kW. Performance assessment yields an RMSE of about 3 kW and a MAPE of roughly 25%. The largely symmetric error distribution around zero suggests minimal systematic bias in the predictions, although the model’s accuracy during peak demand periods remains limited.
