The principle of strict liability constitutes a fundamental instrument in environmental law aimed at strengthening accountability for high-risk business activities and ensuring the restoration of environmental damage. In Indonesia, this principle is codified in Article 88 of Law Number 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management. However, its application in environmental civil litigation continues to encounter significant challenges, particularly following regulatory changes introduced through the Job Creation Law. This study analyzes the legal framework governing strict liability in Indonesian environmental law, the juridical constraints affecting its implementation in environmental civil lawsuits, and the judicial reasoning reflected in Decision Number 20/Pdt.G/LH/2024/PN Surabaya. The research employs a normative legal research method, utilizing statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The findings indicate that the application of strict liability in judicial practice still faces several obstacles, particularly in proving environmental loss and establishing complex causal relationships, as well as the reliance on scientific evidence. Nevertheless, the court’s decision demonstrates a progressive interpretation of strict liability by emphasizing the precautionary principle, the polluter pays principle, and the imperative of environmental restoration. This study underscores the importance of strengthening regulatory frameworks and developing technical guidelines for environmental damage valuation in order to enhance the effectiveness of strict liability implementation in environmental civil litigation.
The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has driven significant transformations in various sectors, including the legal system. The use of AI has the potential to increase the efficiency of legal document analysis, support the decision-making process, and accelerate access to legal information. However, the use of this technology also raises various challenges related to regulatory aspects, ethics, accountability, and human rights protection. This study aims to analyze how the law implements the use of AI in the legal system and identify the regulatory challenges that arise in its application. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method that examines various scientific publications, regulations, and the latest research reports related to the integration of AI technology in legal practice. The analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically to evaluate the relationship between the development of AI technology and the legal framework that regulates it. The results of the study indicate that the application of AI in the legal system can make a positive contribution to improving work efficiency, the accuracy of legal data analysis, and the effectiveness of legal services. However, this study also found several major challenges such as the potential for algorithmic bias, limited regulations governing the use of AI, and issues of transparency in the technology-based decision-making process. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the regulatory framework that is adaptive, transparent, and oriented towards the principle of justice to ensure that the implementation of AI in the legal system can run responsibly, safely, and support the creation of a more modern and accountable legal system in the era of digital transformation.
Perubahan manajemen keperawatan di rumah sakit merupakan fenomena yang tidak terelakkan akibat perkembangan teknologi, tuntutan mutu pelayanan, dan dinamika sistem kesehatan global. Kesiapan perawat (readiness for change) menjadi faktor kunci dalam keberhasilan implementasi perubahan organisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesiapan perawat dalam menghadapi transformasi manajemen keperawatan melalui pendekatan narrative review. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran deskripsi literatur dari database Scopus, PubMed, dan Google Scholar dengan rentang tahun 2020–2026. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan perawat dipengaruhi oleh tiga dimensi utama: faktor individu (pengetahuan, sikap, self-efficacy), faktor organisasi (budaya organisasi, komunikasi, dukungan sumber daya), dan faktor kepemimpinan (gaya kepemimpinan transformasional, komunikasi, dan empowerment). Faktor kepemimpinan terbukti memiliki peran paling dominan dalam memediasi hubungan antara faktor individu dan organisasi terhadap kesiapan perubahan. Kesiapan perawat merupakan konstruksi multidimensional yang membutuhkan pendekatan sistemik berbasis individu, organisasi, dan kepemimpinan untuk memastikan keberhasilan transformasi manajemen keperawatan.
Introduction: This study examines the role of customary law as an instrument for equitable spatial planning in preventing socio-economic bankruptcy and enhancing the welfare of indigenous communities in Indonesia. As a living and dynamic legal system, customary law embodies values of ecological balance, deliberation, and restrictions on land conversion without community consent. However, in practice, many regional spatial planning policies have failed to integrate customary norms, resulting in spatial conflicts and social disintegration. Purposes of the Research: The research aims to analyze how customary law can serve as both a normative and practical foundation for equitable spatial planning, and how integrating local values can prevent social bankruptcy while strengthening the welfare of indigenous peoples. Methods of the Research: This study employs a normative-juridical approach combined with socio-legal analysis to examine the interaction between statutory law and customary practices in spatial management, supported by case studies of customary land conflicts in Salang Tungir Village (Deli Serdang Regency) and Aras Napal Village (Langkat Regency). Results of the Research: Findings indicate that neglecting customary law norms in spatial planning leads to the loss of community access to productive spaces, weakens local economies, and triggers social conflicts. Conversely, applying customary law in spatial planning—through recognition of customary rights, consent mechanisms, and active community participation—fosters spatial justice and enhances community welfare. This study introduces the concept of “customary law-based spatial planning,” which integrates local values with principles of social and ecological justice in national spatial planning policies, offering a framework for more inclusive and sustainable development.
Orientation: Turnover intention and faculty poaching have become serious challenges to sustaining the quality of higher education, particularly in developing countries. Factors such as financial rewards and cultural openness patterns are suspected to influence these phenomena. Research purpose: This study aims to examine the effects of financial rewards and cultural openness patterns on turnover intention and poaching susceptibility among tenured lecturers at five famous universities in Medan, Indonesia. Motivation for the study: The study is motivated by the increasing incidence of poaching experienced lecturers, which results in the loss of valuable academic talent. This issue calls for a better empirical understanding of its causal factors to support more effective lecturer retention strategies. Research approach/design and method: Adopting a quantitative explanatory research approach, data were collected from 471 tenured lecturers using a structured survey. The relationships among variables were analysed using structural equation modelling. Main findings: The results reveal that financial rewards have a significant influence on turnover intention and poaching susceptibility. In contrast, cultural openness patterns show no significant effect on either outcome. Practical/managerial implications: These findings highlight the importance of competitive and sustainable compensation policies in reducing turnover intentions and susceptibility to poaching. University administrators can use these insights to design more effective retention strategies. Contribution/value-add: This study enriches the human resource management literature by providing new empirical evidence on turnover and poaching dynamics in higher education within the context of developing countries, particularly Indonesia.
