The distribution of oil palm seedlings (KKS) plays a strategic role in the sustainability of the plantation system but is faced with budget constraints, variations in distribution costs, and inter-regional disparities. This study develops a data driven multi-objective stochastic optimization framework to balance three main dimensions involve coverage, equity, and cost efficiency. Utilizing historical KKS distribution data and designing baseline, high-cost, and low-budget scenarios, this study formulates three approaches: a deterministic model as the baseline, a two-stage risk-neutral (RN) stochastic optimization, and a risk-averse (RA) expansion using Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR). The results indicate that the RN model is able to increase national coverage by 0.72 but results in higher inequality by 0.11. Conversely, the RA model reduces inequality by 0.09 with a relatively small decrease in coverage by 0.70 and better cost control. Sensitivity analysis confirms that indicator weights and policy targets strongly influence coverage, while risk penalties have a greater influence on inequality. Under extreme scenarios of cost increases, budget cuts, and decreased efficiency, robustness tests demonstrate that RA is more stable, equitable, and efficient than RN. Beyond KKS distribution, this approach can be applied to other resource allocation systems to support equitable, efficient, and resilient plantation policies.
This study aims to analyze the preferences and value of coffee consumption in the urban generation in Medan Petisah District, Medan City, North Sumatra. The research focuses on consumer preferences toward coffee product attributes (type, taste, and aroma) as well as the stages of the purchasing decision-making process. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that consumer preferences are primarily influenced by taste and aroma, followed by coffee type and café atmosphere. Adolescents and young adults tend to prefer modern coffee variants with sweet and creamy flavors, while older consumers maintain a preference for stronger and more bitter traditional coffee. In the decision-making process, consumers go through stages of need recognition, information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decision, and post-purchase behavior. Social reference groups and social media play a significant role in the information search stage, whereas post-purchase satisfaction is determined by the alignment between taste quality, café ambiance, pricing, and consumer expectations. The study concludes that coffee consumption behavior is driven not only by functional needs but also by social, emotional, and lifestyle factors. Therefore, café marketing strategies should emphasize product differentiation, consistency in taste and aroma quality, a comfortable and appealing atmosphere, and community-based promotional approaches to enhance customer satisfaction and loyalty.
This study aims to analyze the Implementation Of The Online New Student Admission Program (PPDB) At Smk Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi is a national policy aimed at increasing transparency, accountability, and equal access to education. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Online PPDB Program at SMK Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi for the 2024/2025 Academic Year and to identify its supporting and inhibiting factors. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. The policy implementation analysis uses the George Edward III model, which includes the aspects of communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure. The results show that the implementation of Online PPDB at SMK Negeri 4 Tebing Tinggi has generally been carried out in accordance with regulations and is quite effective in improving transparency and service efficiency. However, there are still obstacles in the form of limited digital literacy in the community, technical network disruptions, and an imbalance of interest in certain study programs. Therefore, although this policy has been implemented well, further improvements in socialization, strengthening of human resource capacity, and enhancement of supporting systems are still needed so that the objectives of Online PPDB can be optimally achieved.
Purpose - This study examines whether Digital Accounting Use improves Perceived MSME Performance and whether Perceived Financial Reporting Quality and Financial Literacy operate as parallel mediating capabilities among current users of digital financial-recording tools. Methods - A quantitative cross-sectional explanatory design was applied to 200 MSME owners and managers in five economic centers of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The respondents were purposively selected because their businesses already used at least one digital financial-recording tool. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models. Findings - Digital Accounting Use significantly increased Perceived Financial Reporting Quality (β = 0.788, p < 0.001), Financial Literacy (β = 0.771, p < 0.001), and Perceived MSME Performance (β = 0.565, p < 0.001). Perceived Financial Reporting Quality (β = 0.493, p = 0.002) and Financial Literacy (β = 0.326, p = 0.025) also positively affected Perceived MSME Performance. The indirect effects through Perceived Financial Reporting Quality (β = 0.445, p < 0.001) and Financial Literacy (β = 0.252, p = 0.028) were significant, indicating partial mediation. The model explained 73.3% of the variance in Perceived MSME Performance (R² = 0.733). Research implications - MSME digitalization programs should combine sustained use of accounting technologies with reporting discipline and financial-literacy development so that technological resources are converted into decision-useful information and managerial capability. Originality - The study advances a post-adoption capability perspective by separating the informational pathway of Perceived Financial Reporting Quality from the human-capability pathway of Financial Literacy and testing both mechanisms simultaneously.
This community service activity aims to strengthen the capacity of coffee farmers who are members of the Mitra Sejati Jaya Cooperative through facilitation in packaging, labeling, and value-added product-based digital marketing. The program was implemented through training sessions and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), involving 18 participants. Evaluation instruments consisted of pre-test and post-test questionnaires, which were analyzed using descriptive quantitative methods. The evaluation results showed an increase in participants’ average scores from 57.89 in the pre-test to 82.28 in the post-test, representing an improvement of 42.12%. The program generated several outputs, including high-quality packaging, a copyrighted logo design, active social media accounts, and digital marketing video content. Therefore, this community service activity proved effective in enhancing the capacity of coffee farmers through innovations in packaging, labeling, and value-added digital marketing.
