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Статья посвящена определению свойств и закономерностей изменения параметров сушки изоляции коллекторных ТЭД постоянного тока электровозов ٢ЭС٦ с учетом электроосмоса на основе разработанной математической модели. Получены зависимости амплитуды напряжения и емкости С-фильтра от сопротивления изоляции, по результатам которых определен коэффициент формы для электроосмотической сушки. Разработана математическая модель калориферно-электроосмотической сушки, решенная методом конечных элементов в программном комплексе COMSOL Multiphysics для заданной геометрической модели ТЭД 810-й серии. В результате получены зависимости концентрации влаги от времени сушки. По экспериментальным зависимостям сопротивления изоляции от времени построена средняя зависимость. На основе регрессии экспериментальных данных методом наименьших квадратов и результатов математического моделирования получена зависимость сопротивления изоляции от концентрации влаги. Предложенная технология калориферно-электроосмотической сушки изоляции ТЭД в период отрицательных температур воздуха подтверждена экспериментом с предлагаемым циклом подачи горячего воздуха в условиях сервисного локомотивного депо. Расхождение между теоретическими и экспериментальными значениями сопротивления изоляции составило около 7 %. The article is devoted to determining the properties and patterns of changes in the drying parameters of the insulation of DC collector for traction electric motor of 2ES6 electric locomotives, taking into account electroosmosis based on the developed mathematical model. The dependences of the voltage amplitude and the C-filter capacitance on the insulation resistance are obtained, according to the results of which the shape coefficient for electroosmotic drying is determined. A mathematical model of calorific-electroosmotic drying has been developed, solved by the finite element method in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package for a given geometric model of traction electric motor 810 series. As a result, the dependences of moisture concentration on drying time are obtained. Based on the experimental time dependence of insulation resistance, an average dependence is constructed. Based on the regression of experimental data by the method of least squares and the results of mathematical modeling, the dependence of insulation resistance on moisture concentration is obtained. The proposed technology of calorific-electroosmotic drying of traction electric motor insulation during the period of negative air temperatures is confirmed by an experiment with the proposed hot air supply cycle in a service locomotive depot. The discrepancy between the theoretical and experimental values of insulation resistance was about 7 %.
The article is devoted to the study of the use of cash funds in the context of the digitalization of financial systems, and the identification of contradictions between the active development of non-cash payment instruments and the stability of cash circulation. Based on the analysis of statistical data from the Bank of Russia, official reports from the regulator, and forecast scenarios for the dynamics of the volume of cash in circulation, the article examines the trends in the structure of monetary circulation and the factors that contribute to the sustainable use of cash funds. It is shown that despite the prevalence of non-cash payments, the volume of cash in circulation remains positive, indicating that cash forms of payment have not been completely replaced and are adapting to new conditions. It is substantiated that the sustainability of the demand for cash is determined by a combination of economic, institutional, and behavioral factors: the preservation of cash as a means of payment and savings, the autonomy of settlements, financial inclusivity, the confidentiality of transactions, protection against cyber risks, the territorial specifics of use, the reaction of the population and businesses to the transformation of the regulatory environment, and the strengthening of compliance control. It is concluded that in the context of digitalization, cash loses its status as the dominant means of payment, but retains a significant role as an element of the financial system's stability and flexibility. At the same time, their preservation in monetary circulation is an objective and economically justified process that reflects the real needs of market participants, rather than a temporary deviation from the trend of digital transformation.
В условиях цифровой трансформации и глобализации бизнеса защита цепочек поставок программного обеспечения становится приоритетной задачей для информационной безопасности организации. В статье сформированы рекомендации по безопасной разработке кода и корректному использованию средств автоматизации. Внедрение гибких методологий разработки и поставки ПО, таких как DevSecOps, позволяет выполнить требования безопасности, минимизировать риски и др. In the context of digital transformation and business globalization, protecting software supply chains is becoming a priority for ensuring an organization’s information security. This article provides recommendations for ensuring secure code development and delivery, as well as the correct use of automation tools. Implementing agile software development and delivery methodologies, such as DevOps and DevSecOps, helps minimize risks, improve software quality, accelerate releases, and ensure compliance with security requirements.
To ensure the repair and production of asynchronous machines, the creation and development of unified testing systems is an urgent task. The methodology proposed in the article for designing unified test systems allows using efficient and economical ways to create such systems that test various types of asynchronous machines with similar technical parameters.The existing test systems for the most tests of asynchronous electric machines only based on idling and short-circuit experience, excluding the possibility of conducting heating tests at rated load, limiting testing to indirect methods only, which does not fully reflect the quality of manufacture or repair of asynchronous machines.The assessment of the technical condition of an asynchronous machine during testing is an important task, the solution of which helps to increase reliability, reduce emergency situations, and reduce the loss of working time associated with unscheduled repairs.Currently, special attention is being paid to the processes of information technology used in the repair of electric machines and the formation of an electronic passport of an electric machine, the development of digital control systems for technological and technical discipline to eliminate the influence of negative human factors.The object of the study is an electrical system for testing asynchronous machines. The subject of the research is the principle of construction, modeling and control of an electrical system for testing asynchronous machines.The article also describes mathematical and simulation models of the developed test system for two mutually loaded asynchronous machines, considering the reaction of the elastic element connecting their shafts.
The digital transformation of the banking sector goes beyond the usual modernization of services: it reshapes approaches to financial services, making technology a key factor in trust, security, and accessibility. Modern bank branches are transforming into intelligent platforms where artificial intelligence (AI), biometrics, blockchain, robotics, touch-sensitive terminals, and digital currency create new standards for customer interaction, improving operational efficiency, transaction accuracy, and the resilience of financial institutions. Significant attention is paid to the internal processes of banks, including the automation of operations, the selection of staff focused on the use of AI, including in the field of risk management and data analytics. Of particular interest is the Chinese model of digital transformation, which combines large-scale government strategies, support for scientific and technological integration with the national infrastructure, and the active participation of fintech companies. Branches here are becoming hybrid spaces where digital technologies and personal service are harmoniously combined, ensuring both the speed of transactions and the availability of financial services for customers with varying levels of digital competence. Large-scale government support includes regulatory and legal regulation, development of 5G infrastructure, cloud platforms, quantum communication, fintech sandboxes, and educational programs to improve financial literacy and financial culture. Innovative approaches, such as the introduction of the digital yuan (e-CNY), smart contracts, international payment platforms (mBridge, BRICS Pay), and the integration of the ecosystems of major technology companies (Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu), are creating a unique digital financial ecosystem. This allows for the creation of new standards of transparency, reliability, and security, reducing operational risks, increasing financial inclusion, and strengthening customer trust. The paper presents the results of an analysis of technological, institutional, and regulatory mechanisms that support the sustainability and competitiveness of the banking system, including through the transformation of bank branches' operations through the automation of processes, the introduction of AI, robotics, blockchain technologies, and digital identification of citizens. The study demonstrates how the synergy of innovation and government support allows for the implementation of new banking models, the development of strategic tools for the financial sector, and the creation of experiences that can serve as a reference for international banking practices.
