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Ship collision accidents remain one of the most frequent and severe types of maritime incidents worldwide, often resulting in significant property damage, loss of life, and pollution. Despite extensive regulatory and technological advancements, the underlying risk mechanisms and consequence formation processes of collision accidents are not yet fully understood, particularly from a global and data-driven perspective. To address this gap, this study develops a data-driven Bayesian Network framework to analyze and predict the consequences of ship collision accidents on a global scale. The proposed model is constructed using a Tree-Augmented Naive Bayes (TAN) structure and is trained on a long-term dataset of collision accident investigation reports covering the period 1978-2024, compiled from multiple international maritime bodies. Unlike most previous studies that primarily focus on causal factors or rely on expert judgment, this research simultaneously investigates accident related, environmental, ship related, and bridge operator related risk influencing factors (RIFs), while explicitly accounting for the characteristics of both vessels involved in a collision. In addition, spatial analysis based on accident coordinates reveals distinct geographical clustering patterns in high traffic coastal and port areas. The findings of the study provide practical value for maritime administrations, ship operators, and policy makers by supporting evidence-based decision making in collision prevention, risk informed regulation, targeted training strategies, and the prioritization of proactive safety measures at both operational and strategic levels.
This study was conducted to determine the effects of seven different rootstocks (Seedling, Quince A, Quince BA 29, Fox 11, Farold 40, OHxF 87, and OHxF 333) on the postharvest quality characteristics of ‘Williams’ pear fruits during cold storage at 0 ± 0.5 °C and 90 ± 5
The increasing demand for durable and multifunctional separation materials necessitates polymer-based coatings that combine mechanical robustness with high selectivity. This study aims to develop antibacterial oil/water separation systems that effectively address challenges posed by microorganisms, which can decrease filter effectiveness and impact overall separation efficiency. Metal meshes were coated with titanium dioxide (TiO2), octadecanethiol (ODT), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) via spray coating using four formulations: TiO2, PVDF, TiO2/ODT, and TiO2/ODT/PVDF. PVDF-containing coatings exhibited superior superhydrophobicity, with a water contact angle of 161 degrees and a sliding angle of 3 degrees, attributed to the dense nano-roughened texture formed upon drying. The ODT contributed to uniform surface coverage, while PVDF imparted excellent adhesion and mechanical durability, maintaining self-cleaning performance after 50 abrasion cycles. The TiO2/ODT/PVDF formulation demonstrated the highest oil/water separation efficiency and improved oil flux, highlighting the critical contribution of the polymer-nanoparticle interface. Moreover, the nanocomposite coating exhibited pronounced antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (98.7%) and Escherichia coli (99.2%). These findings underline the potential of polymer-based nanocomposite coatings as scalable and multifunctional materials for advanced oil/water separation technologies.
This study presents a novel hybrid wave energy harvester that synergistically combines electromagnetic (linear alternator) and piezoelectric transduction mechanisms to enhance energy extraction from low-amplitude ocean waves. The system employs a floating buoy design with two coil-magnet linear alternators and four piezoelectric transducers (PZTs), uniquely configured to harvest energy during both wave ascent (via both mechanisms) and descent (via alternators only). An optimised rectification circuit minimises diode losses, achieving a peak conversion efficiency. Experimental evaluations under varying wave periods (2-5 s), rise velocities (0.27-0.32 m/s), and load resistances (165-470 k Omega) demonstrate that the linear alternator generates a maximum voltage of 14.30 V and power output of 858.78 & micro;W (with two magnets, 0.27 m/s, 165 k Omega), while the PZTs contribute up to 3.07 V and 28.48 & micro;W (one magnet, 0.32 m/s, 330 k Omega). The hybrid system outperforms standalone designs in power density, demonstrating its potential to sustainably power marine sensors or IoT devices. Key innovations include phase-dependent energy harvesting and a scalable architecture adaptable to real-wave conditions.
Chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment cause damage to both oocytes and granulosa cells, resulting in follicle loss and consequently premature ovarian failure. In this study the animals were randomly assigned to three groups: control (n = 6), chemotherapy (n = 6), and stem cell treatment (n = 6). Ovarian failure was induced in the chemotherapy and stem cell groups by intraperitoneal administration of cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) on days 1 and 8. Ovarian stromal stem cells (OSSCs) were isolated from the ovaries of 4-week-old donor rats (n = 2) using the explant culture method. On day 9, isolated stromal cells were transplanted bilaterally into the ovaries of rats in the stem cell group. Surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry in OSSCs, and their adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials were evaluated under appropriate in vitro conditions. The number of follicles and the morphological features of the ovarian tissue were histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H E) staining. Caspase 3 expression in ovarian tissue was analyzed using TUNEL and immunohistochemistry methods. Flow cytometry analysis of isolated ovarian stromal cells showed that CD54, CD90 and CD45 surface markers were expressed, while CD29 was expressed at a lower level. These findings confirmed the ability of OSSCs to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. Follicle counting, TUNEL and immunohistochemical analysis showed that treatment with ovarian stromal stem cells significantly reduced the number of atretic follicles and increased the number of normally developing follicles in the ovaries of chemotherapy-treated rats. Our research demonstrates the therapeutic effects of (allogeneic) ovarian stromal stem cells present in their niche on ovarian toxicity induced by chemotherapy, suggesting an alternative treatment option for approaches aimed at preserving fertility.
