The relevance of the topic is determined by the growing scientific interest in the role of photobiological regulation of the processes of embryonic development of poultry. The red spectrum of visible light is able to influence the linear parameters of poultry embryos, the rate of organ formation and metabolism. Optimization of environmental factors, in particular lighting conditions, is becoming an important area of scientific research aimed at increasing the yield of healthy and viable offspring. Artificial egg incubation is widely used in modern farms, but traditional environmental control methods often ignore the influence of the lighting spectrum on the morphological and biochemical aspects of embryo development. Thus, an in-depth study of the effect of the red light spectrum on the growth and development of turkey embryos is relevant for practical implementation in modern technologies of industrial poultry breeding and increasing the economic efficiency of turkey meat production. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of the optical effect of the red spectrum on the linear length parameters of turkey embryos during incubation. The study is devoted to the analysis of the effect of red monochromatic light (wavelength 660 nm) on the growth of turkey embryos during embryonic development from 13 to 27 days. Embryo length measurements were performed on 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 and 27 days of incubation, which made it possible to track the dynamics of length changes under the influence of light exposure. According to the results of the study, it was determined that red monochromatic light had an effect on the length of turkey embryos on the 13th, 15th and 21st days of embryogenesis.
The article examines systemic constraints that impede the effective integration of the region’s religious and confessional heritage into processes of socio-economic and cultural development. The relevance of the study stems from the growing emphasis on domestic tourism as a key priority of national policy, as well as from the unique confessional diversity of the Penza Region, where Orthodoxy, Islam, Old Belief, Catholicism, and Lutheranism have coexisted for centuries. Despite the presence of 199 officially registered cultural heritage sites—predominantly of religious character—their potential remains largely underutilized, necessitating the identification and analysis of persistent institutional and financial barriers. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods from economic geography, sociology, religious studies, and regional economics. Primary data sources include official documents—particularly the Penza Region’s State Program “Development of Culture and Tourism in the Penza Region”—as well as the Wikimedia platform’s database on cultural heritage. The study identifies three key institutional and financial barriers. First, there is a clear prioritization of formal procedures—such as the delineation of protected zones and technical inspections—over activities aimed at restoration, functional adaptation, and promotion of heritage sites. Second, since 2023, subsidies to non-governmental organizations for the reconstruction of the historical appearance of cultural heritage sites have been entirely discontinued—a particularly critical issue for rural areas, where NGOs serve as the main initiators of monument preservation. Third, there is no coherent strategy for integrating cultural heritage into tourism products: ethno-confessional routes have not been developed, digital interpretation of sites is lacking, and religious organizations remain minimally involved. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a significant gap between the declared objectives of the state program—such as increasing tourist numbers and tourism revenues—and the actual allocation of budgetary funds, which are predominantly directed toward administrative and managerial functions rather than practical development.
The purpose of the study is to determine the possibility of predicting traffic acci-dents involving pedestrians. At the initial stage, an analysis of accident rates was conducted, and sections of the road network were selected, and data samples were formed on accidents involving pedestrian hits and vehicle collisions, as well as vio-lations of traffic rules by drivers. At the second stage, a Markov process with con-tinuous time was selected as the analysis method. The calculation was performed using an analytical method, which involves solving a system of Kolmogorov differ-ential equations. As a result, the probabilities of events, including traffic accidents involving pedestrian collisions, were obtained based on the constructed state graph. These results are essential for developing and implementing management and organizational decisions aimed at improving road safety.
Relevance . In commercial poultry farming, the efficiency of broiler meat production is determined by the genetic potential of the crosses used. A comparative assessment of egg productivity in parent flocks of domestic and foreign crosses under specific production conditions is essential for optimizing technological decisions. Materials and Methods. The research and production trial was conducted in 2024–2025 at a poultry farm in Penza Oblast, Russian Federation. Parent flocks of Ross 308 (8,870 hens, 756 cockerels) and Smena 9 (9,060 hens, 1,020 cockerels) crosses were studied. The following parameters were evaluated: survival rate, live weight, egg production, hatching egg yield, fertility, hatchability, and economic efficiency. Housing and feeding conditions complied with zootechnical standards. Results . The survival rate of Ross 308 hens exceeded that of Smena 9 by 6.0%, while the survival rate of Smena 9 cockerels was 14.2% higher. Average egg production of Ross 308 was 17.9% higher. Fertility and hatchability were superior in Smena 9 by 4.8% and 6.5%, respectively. Per initial hen, the Ross 308 parent flock produced 57.0 more hatching eggs and 34.3 more day-old chicks. The profitability of hatching egg and chick production in Ross 308 was 44.6% and 111.6%, respectively, exceeding that of Smena 9 by 32.3% and 37.5%. The use of the Ross 308 parent flock is recommended.
Nowadays market economy deals with the cost reduction, thus minimizing and managing costs is becoming the primary tool to increase profit. In a highly competitive marketplace with external economic restrictions (sanctions and import substitution policies), agricultural organizations face a range of challenges requiring systematic cost management. Currently the main factors, influencing production costs, are still as limited pricing power, increasing resource costs, and logistical workload. Enterprise efficiency is largely determined by the quality of production cost management. One of the key factors in efficient resource management is the production cost per unit of output. The cost of primary agricultural products, crop and livestock, increased significantly in the Penza region between 2000 and 2024. The research analyzes the primary costs at agricultural enterprises in the Penza region, as well as manufacturing costs for primary production. After having analyzed production cost it was noticed, that the majority of production costs (76-79%) are related to manufacturing costs. An additive factor model was designed to analyze agricultural production costs. It was found that the influence of various factors on overall cost growth was unstable. At the same time, factors with increasing influence were identified, which require to focus on within the resource management.
