Relevance. The proteasome 20S is a representative of the ubiquitin-protease system, which regulates anabolic and catabolic processes. Searching for ways to control this process is important. Purpose of the study. To study the activation features of the 20S proteasome under low-caloric nutrition conditions and establish relationships between human gender, age and weight characteristics. Materials and methods. The study examined 48 subjects aged 18-75 (11 males and 37 females) received low-energy diet (800-1200 calories/day), fasting therapy, physical therapy and cleansing treatments, as well as physical activity at the Health Center in Maikop, Russia. Blood 20S concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, body composition by impedance method. Results. Gender difference in dominant body component determining 20S activity. In females, adipose tissue was dominant; in males, dominant sector not identified. Wellness program led to weight loss and 20S activation regardless of calorie restriction degree. Females under 50 showed activations due to fat while inhibiting muscle and lean masses. Females over 50 had activity in muscle and lean mass while inhibiting fat. Males showed no such patterns in 20S proteasome response. Data suggest different levels of resynthesis, autophagy and apoptosis activation. Calorie restriction is physiological stressor for 20S activation. Conclusion. Hypocaloric diet and fasting with physical therapy can be alternative method for protein pool renewal and resynthesis in humans. Gender and age characteristics should be considered when using these techniques.
Introduction. The potential use of corn and rice flour in the production of shortbread cookies with added pectin were examined. The goal of the research was development and quality assessment of gluten-free shortbread cookies made from flour composites. The objects and methods of the research included yellow corn flour, rice flour, Jerusalem artichoke syrup, pectin, and shortbread cookies (pilot samples). Modern analytical methods were used to determine the quality of the ingredients, semi-finished products, and finished products. These methods allowed us to identify the nutritional and biological value, as well as the organoleptic characteristics of the samples. Baking was carried out at Maikop State Technical University, in the laboratory of the Department of Food Technology and Catering, Faculty of Agricultural Technologies. The pilot samples underwent laboratory testing at an accredited testing Centre. Official confirmation of product quality is documented in a test report issued by the Centre for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Adygea, subordinate to the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing. The results and discussion . A recipe was developed and the quality of gluten-free shortbread cookies was evaluated using yellow corn flour and rice flour, with the addition of Jerusalem artichoke syrup, which replaced sugar and pectin. The following variants were developed: 100% yellow corn flour (variant 1), 50% yellow corn flour and 50% rice flour (variant 2), and 100% rice flour (variant 3). The control sample was premium wheat flour. Nutritional analysis of the developed variants revealed significant differences compared to the control sample. Conclusion. The experimental samples demonstrated improved wettability and high organoleptic properties compared to the control sample, indicating the positive impact of the recipe changes.
Despite substantial advances in assisted reproductive technologies (ART), the proportion of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization cycles remains considerable, highlighting the need for additional prognostic tools. In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward molecular and immunological markers that reflect oocyte competence, embryo developmental potential, endometrial receptivity, and the patient’s systemic inflammatory status. This review summarizes current evidence regarding the diagnostic and predictive value of biomarkers identified in follicular fluid, peripheral blood, and endometrial tissue. Particular emphasis is placed on oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products), antioxidant enzymes (including glutathione peroxidase), microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs, as well as immunological parameters such as cytokines, complement components, and immune cell subsets. Data on circulating cell-free DNA as an indicator of follicular microenvironment status are also discussed. Available evidence suggests that disturbances in redox balance and alterations in local immune regulation may be associated with impaired embryo quality and reduced implantation rates. However, substantial methodological heterogeneity, small sample sizes, and the lack of standardized assessment protocols limit the clinical applicability for many proposed biomarkers. Integration of molecular markers with clinical parameters, supported by multi-omics approaches, offers promising opportunities for the personalization of ART strategies. Nevertheless, large prospective studies with robust validation and evaluation of cost-effectiveness are required before these biomarkers can be incorporated into routine clinical practice.
Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью минимизации отходов при промышленной переработке яблок и рационального использования вторичных сырьевых ресурсов для получения функциональных ингредиентов. Цель настоящей работы – обосновать возможность получения пектинового концентрата из вторичных сырьевых ресурсов переработки яблок с применением органической кислоты для использования в технологии функционального напитка. Экстракцию пектина проводили 5%-м раствором лимонной кислоты при гидромодуле 1 : 20 и температуре 80°C в течение 90 мин. Выход пектина составил 11,9%, степень этерификации – (60,1 ± 2,4)%, молекулярная масса – 1,115 · 105 Да. Показано, что полученный пектин по основным характеристикам сопоставим с промышленным образцом (контроль). Пектиновый концентрат с содержанием пектина 2% использовали в технологии безалкогольного напитка, рецептура которого включала концентрированный яблочный сок, морковное и облепиховое пюре, умягченную воду. Методом симплекс-решетчатого планирования оптимизировано соотношение компонентов (6,6 : 50 : 3,8 : 24,6 соответственно). Готовый напиток содержал 0,3% пектина, что соответствует рекомендуемой суточной норме потребления при употреблении одной порции (200 г). Разработанный продукт может быть рекомендован для здорового питания с целью улучшения деятельности желудочно-кишечного тракта, нормализации обменных процессов и повышения адаптивных функций организма. The relevance of the study is due to the need to minimize waste in the industrial processing of apples and the rational use of secondary raw materials for the production of functional ingredients. The aim of this work is to substantiate the possibility of obtaining pectin concentrate from secondary raw materials of apple processing using an organic acid for use in the technology of a functional drink. Pectin extraction was carried out with a 5% citric acid solution at a water ratio of 1 : 20, a temperature of 80°C for 90 min. The pectin yield was 11,9%, the degree of esterification was (60,1 ± 2,4)%, and the molecular weight was 1,115 · 105 Da. It was shown that the obtained pectin is comparable in its main characteristics to the industrial sample (control). Pectin concentrate (pectin content 2%) was used in the technology of a soft drink, the recipe of which included concentrated apple juice, carrot and sea buckthorn puree. Using the simplex-lattice planning method, the component ratio was optimized (6,6 : 50 : 3,8 : 24,6 respectively). The finished drink contains 0,3% pectin, which corresponds to the recommended daily intake per serving (200 g). The developed product can be recommended for healthy eating to improve gastrointestinal function, normalize metabolic processes, and enhance the body’s adaptive functions.
В данной статье отмечено, что разнообразие способов территориальной организации предопределяет разные варианты развития экономики муниципалитетов, обеспечивая максимальное соответствие инструментов региональной государственной политики значительным различиям в социальном и экономическом положении муниципальных районов. Кроме того, регионы с рассредоточенным характером размещения производства, сформированным исторически сложившейся хозяйственной деятельностью, культурными традициями населения и особыми преимуществами природных ресурсов нуждаются в комбинированных подходах к территориальному развитию, учитывая особенности своего формирования. Это создает необходимость дальнейшего углубления научного понимания особенностей функционирования локальных экономических систем с учетом природно-климатических условий. This article notes that the diversity of ways of territorial organization predetermines different options for the development of municipal economies, ensuring that the tools of regional state policy are as relevant as possible to the significant differences in the social and economic situation of municipal districts. In addition, regions with a dispersed pattern of production, shaped by historical economic activities, cultural traditions, and the special advantages of natural resources, require combined approaches to territorial development, taking into account the specific features of their formation. This creates the need for further scientific understanding of the functioning of local economic systems, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions.
