This article offers a comprehensive examination of the diverse trajectories of Russian reception of William Blake’s epic poem Milton (1804–1811). The critical reception of the poem is analyzed in detail, beginning with its first mention in Russian scholarship in 1897 in an article by Z. A. Vengerova, followed by brief discussions by Soviet-era scholars such as M. N. Gutner, A. A. Elistratova, and E. A. Nekrasova. The poem was later subjected to more thorough study by T. N. Vasilieva in the 1960s and G. A. Tokareva in the 2000s, both of whom placed it within the broader context of Blake’s oeuvre. The article traces the evolution of scholarly approaches: whereas Soviet criticism emphasized Blake’s affiliation with “progressive Romanticism,” contemporary research is increasingly focused on the poet’s mythology, particularly as it is manifested in Milton, which has attracted the attention of traditionalist thinkers. The creative reception of the poem is also explored, with particular attention devoted to its earliest object of artistic reinterpretation — the passage beginning with the famous lines “And did those feet in ancient time…”. The article establishes clear allusions to this passage in S. Ya. Marshak’s poem “Jerusalem” (1918) and in N. S. Gumilev’s “In Memory” (1920). Furthermore, the translational reception of Milton is shown to have commenced with Marshak’s interpretation of this very excerpt in 1918, followed by subsequent translations of selected fragments — primarily the same passage — by other Russian literary figures. It is noted that the first complete Russian translation of Milton was undertaken by D. N. Smirnov and published only in 2021 as a bilingual edition, accompanied by extensive commentary.
The article examines systemic constraints that impede the effective integration of the region’s religious and confessional heritage into processes of socio-economic and cultural development. The relevance of the study stems from the growing emphasis on domestic tourism as a key priority of national policy, as well as from the unique confessional diversity of the Penza Region, where Orthodoxy, Islam, Old Belief, Catholicism, and Lutheranism have coexisted for centuries. Despite the presence of 199 officially registered cultural heritage sites—predominantly of religious character—their potential remains largely underutilized, necessitating the identification and analysis of persistent institutional and financial barriers. The research is based on an interdisciplinary approach that combines methods from economic geography, sociology, religious studies, and regional economics. Primary data sources include official documents—particularly the Penza Region’s State Program “Development of Culture and Tourism in the Penza Region”—as well as the Wikimedia platform’s database on cultural heritage. The study identifies three key institutional and financial barriers. First, there is a clear prioritization of formal procedures—such as the delineation of protected zones and technical inspections—over activities aimed at restoration, functional adaptation, and promotion of heritage sites. Second, since 2023, subsidies to non-governmental organizations for the reconstruction of the historical appearance of cultural heritage sites have been entirely discontinued—a particularly critical issue for rural areas, where NGOs serve as the main initiators of monument preservation. Third, there is no coherent strategy for integrating cultural heritage into tourism products: ethno-confessional routes have not been developed, digital interpretation of sites is lacking, and religious organizations remain minimally involved. Furthermore, the analysis reveals a significant gap between the declared objectives of the state program—such as increasing tourist numbers and tourism revenues—and the actual allocation of budgetary funds, which are predominantly directed toward administrative and managerial functions rather than practical development.
Contemporary research addresses the exigency of regional sustainability through the prism of diverse scholarly disciplines. This paper scrutinizes: 1) prevalent scientific methodologies employed in the analysis of regional sustainability; 2) key sustainability metrics derived from an examination of both objective and subjective indicators germane to regional advancement. The application of an interdisciplinary framework serves to broaden the comprehension of sustainable regional development, facilitating the subsequent formulation of strategies aimed at augmenting the qualitative dimensions of human existence.
Nonverbal cues in digital communication enable the concise and visually expressive transmission of emotional states among participants in the media space. The article is devoted to the assessment of emotions based on the physiognomic approach. The unique structure and functions of facial muscles provide a precise anatomical foundation for the formation of universal emotional patterns. This direct and measurable physical relationship constitutes a fundamental principle that makes it possible to formalize and algorithmize the process of emotion recognition. The object of the study is the process of emotional expression through facial mimicry. The subject of the study is the optimization of information processing structures in neural network algorithms for the automatic recognition of emotional changes from facial images within a dynamic information flow. The theoretical and practical significance of the work lies in the development of a verified prototype that serves as a foundation for applied systems in robotics, adaptive interfaces, psychological diagnostics, security, and marketing research.
The introduction substantiates the need to develop new generation medical information systems based on telemedicine technologies and artificial intelligence. The theoretical part describes the existing medical information systems as part of the unified state information system in the field of health care (structure and functions), features of network telemetry architecture and directions of telemetry use in medical information systems, formulates requirements to the telemetry subsystem as part of the medical information system of a new generation medical organization. The aim of the research is formulated, which is to develop the structure of a new generation medical information system based on telemetry, as well as a telemetry subsystem for measuring parameters characterizing the patient’s health status. The experimental part contains the algorithm and structural diagram of the medical information-measuring system developed by the authors, which includes a telemetry subsystem. Information calculation of the telemetry subsystem, including calculation of frequencies of information sources polling, noise errors, inter-channel interference. Methods of minimizing the load of the group path of the telemetry subsystem are proposed. The structure of the data transmission package is formed and substantiated for the transmission of the values of the Health+ system elements. The time diagram of formation of the data array of analogue-digital converters and transmission of structured data to the server is given.
