Rayat Bahra University

Sustainability is required in the concrete manufacturing due to the environmental impact from the production of cement and the increasing buildup of industrial waste materials. Although waste marble powder (WMP) has been investigated as an additional material in combination of predictive modelling, environmental impact and mechanical performance in a single study. This study explores the feasibility of using WMP as a partial replacement for cement and sand in concrete mixes to enhance compressive strength and promote sustainability. Experimental results show that replacing cement and sand with 5

Magnesium ferrite (MgFe₂O₄) is increasingly recognised as a sustainable, visible-light-active, and magnetically recoverable photocatalyst for dye degradation. This review provides a comprehensive and critical analysis of the structural, optical, and magnetic characteristics of MgFe2O4. It further examines how synthesis routes, dopant incorporation, and nanostructural morphology influence its photocatalytic efficiency toward Malachite Green degradation. Special emphasis is placed on understanding the mechanistic aspects of photoexcitation, charge-carrier separation, defect engineering, and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that underpin its catalytic performance. The article further evaluates recyclability, long-term stability, and process scalability, integrating techno-economic and sustainability perspectives which are very crucial for the industrial implementation. Finally, the review identifies existing knowledge gaps and outlines emerging research opportunities aimed at developing an efficient, durable, and truly green MgFe₂O₄-based photocatalytic systems for the sustainable wastewater treatment applications.

The present study details the copper(I) catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC)based construction of a Silatrane-Chalcone-Triazole conjugate (Quan et al., 2025 (6)), which exhibits selective and efficient colorimetric recognition of Zr(IV).The emission properties of compound (Quan et al., 2025 (6)) were investigated, revealing high selectivity toward Zr(IV) with a detection limit of 2.7 x 10- 7 M.The excellent linear correlation (R2 value) obtained from the titration data indicates a 1:1 binding stoichiometry ratio between compound (Quan et al., 2025 (6)) and the Zr(IV). The possible binding site of (6) for Zr(IV) was further elucidated through the 1H NMR, FT-IR,ESR andmass spectrometric evaluation of the metal-ligand complex was carried out.A marked reduction in cell viability (94.81%) relative to untreated controls was observed upon exposure to compound (Quan et al., 2025 (6)), underscoring its strong anticancer activity. Real sample analysis was carried out using wheat flour to demonstrate practical applicability. Furthermore, molecular docking studies of (Quan et al., 2025 (6)) with 5HU9has been performed, showing a binding energy of -12.66 kcal/mol.

The continuously growing interest in sustainable and innovative materials has driven the production of biochar-based bead adsorbents as recoverable and structurally stable alternatives to powdered biochar. Owing to their tunable physicochemical properties, enhanced mechanical stability, and cost-effectiveness, these materials have emerged as promising material for wastewater treatment applications. This review systematically evaluates recent advancements in the synthesis approaches, surface functionalization, and applications of biochar-based beads in wastewater treatment. The primary focus of the present work is to elucidate the adsorption mechanisms, including electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, π-π electron overlap, hydrogen bonding, ligand exchange, and redox processes that govern the adsorbent performance, with a focus on the oxygen-containing functional groups, polymer-derived functional groups, and aromatic domains in bead matrices that influence these mechanisms. The effects of key experimental parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and initial pollutant concentration on adsorption efficiency are critically analyzed. In contrast to other review articles that broadly focus on biochar and its applications in wastewater treatment, the present review specifically focuses on biochar-based bead adsorbents, offering in-depth insights into their synthesis-structure-property relationships, adsorption behaviour, and regeneration potential. Furthermore, the review highlights current limitations and outlines future research directions aimed at enhancing selectivity, stability, scalability, and environmental sustainability.

Arsenic (As) is a toxic contaminant that is ubiquitously distributed in the environment. Though As is a non-essential metalloid for plants, it can be accumulated in plants to toxic levels and hamper plant productivity by impairing various physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes, posing serious threats to sustainable agriculture. Additionally, reducing As accumulation in food crops is of great importance to ensure food safety and public health. In recent years, significant advancements have been made to elucidate the ameliorative roles of AMF in redeeming As toxicity in crop plants. AMF attenuate As toxicity in plants through its direct roles in As immobilization, transformation, methylation, and volatilization and indirect roles such as facilitating nutrient acquisition, augmenting plant biomass, boosting As sequestration to cell vacuoles, strengthening antioxidant defence, protecting the photosynthetic reaction centre, and restoring metabolic alterations in its host. to augment As tolerance. This review describes various routes, which are held accountable for the uptake of As and summarizes the current understanding with respect to AMF-mediated mitigation of As stress and the strategies employed by AMF to cope with stressful environment. The molecular and physiological intricacies of plant-AMF symbiosis in the context of As stress, which would help in exploring new insight into the mechanisms of As remediation by utilizing AMF are also discussed. Finally, the gaps in understanding and future of the research are described to improve theoretical understanding, promote the relevant research progress, and encourage field applications.