The aim of the study was to analyze the data from monitoring cholera prevention measures as part of epidemiological surveillance in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Materials and Methods. An epidemiological and statistical analysis of the data provided by territorial bodies of the Rospotrebnadzor using developed forms was conducted through the departmental information system report.gsen.ru on a weekly basis from April to October in 2023 and 2024.Results and discussion. In light of the risk of importation and spread of cholera during the period of 2022–2024, and in accordance with the directives of the Rospotrebnadzor, enhanced monitoring for cholera was implemented across the territory of the Russian Federation. Additional sampling points were introduced at temporary accommodation centers, from wastewater before treatment, from transboundary rivers and other water objects, in cities with population over one million, in port cities, at resorts of the Azov and Black Seas, at wastewater discharge sites from infectious disease hospitals (or departments), and in areas where organized groups of labor migrants live and work. The timing of scheduled monitoring studies was changed in certain territories. The training of specialists was strengthened. The paper presents selected indicators of specialist training, the results of testing for cholera for individuals with symptoms of acute intestinal infections, and the results of monitoring studies on cholera in the territory of the Russian Federation in 2023 and 2024, including the detection of cholera vibrios O1 and non-agglutinating (NAG) vibrios depending on the nature of water use at sampling points, which indicate the presence of conditions for the possible spread of the cholera pathogen by water route in the event of infection importation in 75 % of the country’s entities.
A study of 1840 samples of sputum from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using a bacteriological method and mass-spectrometric analysis was conducted. The investigation of the microbiological landscape in patients with CAP showed that, along with traditional pathogens, previously rarely detected opportunistic bacteria appear in clinically significant quantities. These bacteria may complicate etiotropic therapy. The obtained data raise an important problem of the necessity of constant monitoring of the emergence and spread of new types of microorganisms that are difficult to identify and are non-responsible to antibacterial therapy.
The aim of the work was to analyze the monitoring data on contamination of water bodies with Vibrio cholerae О1 during epidemiological surveillance of cholera in Russia. Materials and methods. The analysis of the data on the isolation of cholera vibrios O1 from water bodies (2015–2024) was carried out using official statistical reports from the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and anti-plague institutions. Studies of biological properties of the strains were performed in accordance with MR 4.2.3745-22; genome-wide sequencing was conducted on the MiSeg platform (Illumna, USA). Results and discussion. Information about 848 strains of V. cholerae O1, including V. cholerae O1 ctxА+tcpA+ (3), V. cholerae O1 ctxA–tcpA+ (48) and V. cholerae O1 ctxA– tcpA– (797) in 30 entities of the Russian Federation has been investigated. V. cholerae O1 El Tor ctxA–tcpА– and V. cholerae O1 El Tor ctxA–tcpA+ were isolated from 72 water bodies: 46 rivers, 13 ponds, 8 lakes, and other objects in various climatic regions, mainly in the Atlantic-continental European (forest) part, as well as in the continental East Siberian and monsoon Far Eastern areas. The data on contamination of water bodies with V. cholerae O1 in the administrative territories of the Russian Federation, varying by types of epidemic manifestations of cholera, federal districts; sampling points; on the results of epidemiological investigations using genome-wide sequencing of V. cholerae O1 ctxA–tcpА– strains are provided in the paper.
Objective: to assess the epidemiological risks of rabies spread among carnivorous animals in the territories of new subjects of the Russian Federation: Donetsk People’s Republic (DPR), Luhansk People’s Republic (LPR), Zaporozhye Region (ZR), Kherson Region (KR).Materials and methods: analysis of information monitoring data from official websites and statistical reporting forms on infectious morbidity in Ukraine.Results: the current epizootic-epidemiological situation of rabies among carnivorous animals in the new subjects of Russia is defined as complex; from 2022 to 2025, four fatal human rabies cases were registered. In Ukraine, including in the territories bordering the Russian Federation, a long-term epizootic of rabies among wild predatory animals is registered. The current period is characterized by the urbanization of the epizootic process due to the inclusion of stray and domestic dogs and cats in the parasitic system.Conclusions: in the DPR, LPR, KR and ZR there are epidemiological risks of rabies spread among carnivorous animals, classified as ubiquitous and local, determined by the tense epizooticepidemiological situation of this infection in Ukraine.
The aim of the work was to assess the state of natural foci of tularemia, Ixodidae tick-borne borrelioses (ITBB), West Nile fever (WNF), Crimean hemorrhagic fever (CHF) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the territories of the Rostov Region, Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics as of 2023.Materials and methods. The study of field material samples, which included 2782 specimens of Ixodidae ticks of six species, 9874 specimens of blood-sucking mosquitoes of 12 species and 2974 specimens of small mammals of 17 species, collected in 2023 in the territories of the Rostov Region, Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics, was carried out for the presence of markers of CCHF, WNV, HFRS, Lyme disease, tularemia and leptospirosis pathogens. Infectious agents were indicated using bacteriological, serological and molecular-genetic methods.Results and discussion. Five tularemia cultures were isolated in the Rostov Region and the presence of tularemia pathogen markers was confirmed (11 positive PCR samples and 15 positive antigen tests), as well as ITBB (12 positive PCR tests), WNF (one positive PCR test and two positive ELISA tests), and CCHF (10 positive PCR tests and five positive ELISA tests). In the Donetsk People’s Republic, markers of tularemia pathogens (six pure cultures, one positive PCR test, and 50 positive antigen tests), ITBB (93 positive PCR tests), leptospirosis (one positive PCR test), WNF (one positive ELISA test), CHF (one positive PCR test and two positive ELISA tests), and HFRS (eight positive ELISA tests) were registered. Markers of tularemia pathogens (one pure culture, 14 positive PCR samples and 49 positive antigen tests), ITBB (65 positive PCR samples), leptospirosis (one positive PCR sample) and HFRS (12 positive ELISA samples) were detected on the territory of the Lugansk People’s Republic. Thus, general structure of parasitic system of active natural foci of infectious diseases, functioning as part of integrated landscape-ecological complex, has been formed in the territory of the Rostov Region, Donetsk and Lugansk People’s Republics.
