Royal Global University (RGU) , officially established as The Assam Royal Global University, is the fifth private university of Assam. The Assam Royal Global University, under the Umbrella of Royal Group of Institutions has been established by The Assam Royal Global University Bill, passed by the Assam Legislative Assembly and the same has been assented by the Honorable Governor of Assam. The Assam Royal Global University Act, 2013 has been notified by the Government in the Assam Gazette. It is located in Betkuchi, opposite to Balaji Temple, Guwahati. Mr. A.K. Pansari is the chancellor of Royal Global University, Prof. (Dr.) S.P. Singh is the vice-chancellor and Mr. A.K. Modi is the pro chancellor.
Anthocyanins are valuable dietary elements with biological functions and health-promoting effects. However, there are technological barriers to their use in the food industry, primarily due to their poor stability and susceptibility to environmental factors, such as oxygen, temperature, pH, and light, which can significantly affect the physicochemical characteristics of the final food products. In this study, the microencapsulation of an anthocyanin extract from sohiong fruits was performed using a laminar jet flow vibration nozzle, with calcium chloride as a hardening agent and sodium alginate as a polymer. To produce calcium-alginate microbeads with a high anthocyanin content and favourable morphological characteristics, an RSM approach was used. Thus, with three nozzles of 150, 300, and 450 & micro;m, the effects of pressure, frequency, voltage, and distance to the gelling bath were adjusted. Alginate-loaded anthocyanin microbeads produced with a 300 & micro;m (SA-A300) nozzle had an average size of 588 +/- 43 & micro;m, with a consistent spherical shape and a smooth surface. Similarly, the encapsulated sample (SF-A300) exhibited greater resistance to digestion and higher overall anthocyanin retention (84.33% +/- 0.33%). In the simulated in vitro digestion (SIVD) environment, photo-oxidative and osmotic stress showed that (SA-A300) substantially preserved a high level of anthocyanins and demonstrated increased antioxidant activity. This optimisation improved the anthocyanin retention of sohiong, with great potential for use in the functional and nutraceutical industries, as well as other beverage sectors.
This investigation examines quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in two quantum-corrected black hole (BH) space-times that preserve general covariance while incorporating quantum gravitational effects through a dimensionless parameter zeta. We combine analytical derivations of epicyclic frequencies with comprehensive numerical simulations of Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion to explore how quantum corrections manifest in observable astrophysical phenomena. Using a fiducial BH mass of M = 10M ae representative of stellar-mass X-ray binaries, we demonstrate that the two models exhibit fundamentally different behaviors: Model-I modifies both temporal and radial metric components, leading to innermost stable circular orbit migration proportional to zeta 4and dramatic stagnation point evolution from 27M to 5M as quantum corrections strengthen. Model-II preserves the classical temporal component while altering only spatial geometry, maintaining constant stagnation points and stable cavity structures throughout the parameter range. Our numerical simulations reveal distinct QPO generation mechanisms, with Model-I showing systematic frequency evolution and cavity shrinkage that suppresses oscillations for zeta >= 3M, while Model-II maintains stable low-frequency modes up to zeta >= 5M. Power spectral density analyzes demonstrate characteristic frequency ratios (3 : 2, 2 : 1, 5 : 3) consistent with observations from X-ray binaries, providing specific targets for discriminating between quantum correction scenarios. The hydrodynamically derived constraints ( 4M) show remarkable agreement with independent Event Horizon Telescope limits for M87* and Sgr A*, validating our theoretical framework through multiple observational channels. These results establish QPO frequency analysis as a probe for detecting quantum gravitational effects in astrophysical BHs and demonstrate the complementary nature of timing and imaging observations in constraining fundamental physics.
We investigate the geometric and physical properties of an anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole (BH) space-time coupled by a cloud of strings (CoS) and surrounded by a quintessence-like fluid (QF), all within the framework of non-commutative (NC) geometry. From the perspective of geometrical optics, we analyze the behavior of null geodesics, focusing on key optical features such as the effective potential, the structure and radius of the photon sphere, photon trajectories, and the resulting BH shadow. Our findings show that the combined effects of CoS and QF significantly modify photon dynamics and optical observables, leading to notable deviations from standard BH scenarios in NC geometry background. We also examine time-like geodesics, with particular emphasis on the innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs). The results demonstrate that the presence of geometric and physical parameters alters the ISCO radius compared to conventional solutions. In addition, we explore the thermodynamic behavior of the BH solution, deriving key expressions, such as the Hawking temperature, entropy, Gibbs free energy, and specific heat capacity. The factors CoS and QF introduces substantial modifications to the thermodynamic profile, including shifts in phase transition points and changes to stability conditions under NC geometric effects. Furthermore, we study the dynamics of massless scalar field perturbations in this modified background by formulating the Klein–Gordon equation and reducing it to a Schrödinger-like form via separation of variables. The effective potential shows how CoS and QF shape perturbations in NC geometry background. Finally, we compute the quasinormal modes (QNMs) spectra by varying these parameters using the WKB method.
Freshwater, though vital for all forms of life, represents less than 0.5
In this study, we investigate the motion of charged, neutral, and light-like particles around a magnetized black hole (MBH) solution coupled with a cloud of strings (CoS) in an anti-de Sitter (AdS) background. This spacetime admits several well-known solutions as special cases, including the Letelier-AdS black hole, the Melvin spacetime, and the Schwarzschild-AdS black hole. We demonstrate that key parameters characterizing the geometry-such as the cloud of strings, the magnetic field, the black hole mass, and AdS radius-significantly affect the dynamics of these particles. Our analysis shows that increasing CoS parameter weakens the gravitational influence, while the magnetic field introduces additional attractive components that can unstable particle orbits. We also examine the photon sphere and calculate the BH shadow, showing that the shadow radius decreases with increasing the magnetic field but increases with CoS. These findings provide potential observables for distinguishing between different black hole models in realistic astrophysical environments. Finally, we analyze the topological feature of the photon sphere or ring.
