Russian State University for the Humanities

The aim of the article is to uncover the cultural specificity of the meaning of lexical units “kola” and “yam” in Nigerian fiction. Methodology. To solve the tasks at hand, a number of both general scientific and specific methods of investigation were used. Systematic and cluster sampling methods were employed in selecting the linguistic material. The need to describe and analyse the semantic structure of the lexical units, as well as the material of the research, made it possible to resort to the methods of contextual and component analysis. The research deals with modern texts by Igbo authors (1990s – 2010s), as well as the classical works of Chinua Achebe. Results. This article identifies the culturally specific semantic properties of the lexemes “kola” and “yam”. The use of these lexical units is thoroughly analysed, especially in regards to units that can be considered as lexical neologisms as compared to the referent norm. These neologisms are a part of the lexical field “traditions and customs”. It is concluded that the culturally significant lexeme “yam” has gender markings and symbolizes the masculine principle, which is reflected both in the early and modern stages of the development of English-language Igbo literature. Research implications. The article is of theoretical and practical value to philologists and specialists that work with various variants of West African English. It provides recommendations as to the translation of phrases containing the kola unit.

This article is devoted to the attribution of the unidentified tiled stove stored in the collection of the SHМ. Its attributive characteristics, new archival sources identified, allow the stove to be included in the reconstruction by the architect N.V. Sultanov, that took place in Yusupov Chambers in Moscow in the early 1890s. The same sources suggest the place and date of production of the stove set –Kharlamov’s factory in Petersburg in 1892. Obviously, this vertion, consisting entirely of the tiles contemporaneous to the reconstruction, further did not suit owners who later in 1913–1915 replaced the stove with an authentic Kaluga one from the 1760s. As part of the study, a graphical reconstruction of the stove from the Yusupov Chambers has been done, which for the first time provided data on the parameters of the monument and the number of items in the stove set. The article gives a detailed description of the stove, as well as provides analogues and makes stylistic analysis of the décor.

The aim of this study is to summarize current evidence‑based approaches to psychological treatment for post‑traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to present a reproducible comparative efficacy assessment of trauma‑focused cognitive behavioral therapy (TF‑CBT; protocols include prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, cognitive therapy for PTSD, etc.) and EMDR compared to supportive counseling (treatment as usual, TAU) in a controlled trial with a moderate sample size. Materials and methods. A review of clinical guidelines and meta‑analytic data was conducted, including WHO, NICE, VA/DoD, and APA guidelines, as well as systematic reviews of the effectiveness of TF‑CBT and EMDR and real‑world data. A prospective study (N=180; 60 participants in each group) was conducted with three measurement points: before treatment (T0), after 12 weeks (T1), and after 3 months (T2). The dataset was formed using distributions of baseline indicators and change parameters consistent with published effects of trauma‑focused psychotherapies and service samples, allowing for transparent verification of all calculations and the reproducibility of the patient population. Instruments: PCL‑5 (primary outcome), PHQ‑9, GAD‑7, WHO‑5, and WSAS. Results. A significant group × time interaction was found for the PCL‑5 (LRT χ²(4)=20.68; p=0.0004). Changes from T0 to T1 differed between groups (F(2,177)=13.02; p=0.000005; η²=0.128). Compared with TAU, both trauma‑focused programs produced greater reductions in PTSD symptoms: TF‑CBT vs. TAU d=0.86 (p=0.000007), EMDR vs. TAU d=0.74 (p=0.000097); no differences were found between TF‑CBT and EMDR (p=0.564). The remission rates (PCL-5<33) at T1 were 43.3% (TF‑CBT), 46.7% (EMDR), and 21.7% (TAU); The number needed to treat (NNT) to achieve additional remission relative to TAU was 4.6 (TF‑CBT) and 4.0 (EMDR). Conclusions. Trauma‑focused psychotherapies remain the first‑line treatment for PTSD and demonstrate consistent superiority over non-specific support. A stepwise approach is feasible: standardized assessment and monitoring (PCL‑5), selection of TF‑CBT/EMDR as the primary therapy, reinforcement with skills and digital modules when access is limited, and targeted work with sleep and comorbidity, strictly following the indications.

The paper is devoted to the content of historical and information approaches which will make it possible to carry out research on different aspects of archival work. The study proves that, in combination, the two approaches provide a possibility to discover and then to analyze important problems of history, theory and practice of archives administration and of the work of professional archivists. At the same time, concrete examples show that these approaches have specific features for forming the direction of the specialists’ creative activity and are also oriented to their own expert problems. Along with the presentation of the content of these methodological directions for the study of history, theory and practice of archival work, the article unfolds the most important historiographical sources in which these directions have become the objects of approbation. As an example of the areas studied from a historical perspective, the current paper defines the processes and facts of the foundation and functioning of archival institutions and services in different periods, discusses the development of scientific thought in the sphere of archival science and also scrutinizes the methodological documents for archival work created before the emergence of the elements of a postindustrial society. Among the directions studied from the position of information approach, the article presents the establishment and development of archives as information systems; displays the practice of application of contemporary computer archival technologies in a standalone quality and compared to the traditional technologies; shows the origin of electronic documents and the development of ways to work with them.

Contemporary philosophy and the humanities are dominated by reductionist paradigms of corporeality that interpret the body either as a mechanistic object (the Cartesian-biomedical tradition) or as a passive surface text for the inscription of power (post-structuralism). Despite their differences, both approaches view the body as an isolated object, ignoring its constitutive relational nature. This leads to a theoretical impasse in the face of modern crises of identity, alienation, and the loss of connection, exacerbated by the dynamics of globalized and digital culture, which give rise to the phenomenon of the “capsular human”. This study aims to propose and substantiate an alternative, non-reductionist model of “spherical corporeality” based on Peter Sloterdijk's philosophy of spheres, capable of filling the existing research gap. The research results include a systematic reconstruction of the evolution of corporeality in the “Spheres” trilogy. As a result, a holistic theoretical model was developed, demonstrating the transformation of the body from a “hybrid vessel” in the microsphere, through a “target of media” in the macrosphere, to an “isolated capsule” in the foam of postmodernity. The model proves that the body is fundamentally a relational phenomenon, constituted within shared spaces of being. The findings and the proposed model provide the academic community with a new conceptual apparatus to overcome the limitations of individualistic paradigms. They allow for describing the unity of intimate experience and global processes within a single evolutionary framework, creating a foundation for interdisciplinary research in philosophy, sociology, and cultural studies. The article is intended for specialists in these fields.