Until 2014, it was the Russian Academy of Justice, which was founded in 1998 after a decree from the president of the Russian Federation. The word for "justice" in its name is правосудия (pravosudiya).
The genesis of the institution of confiscation has inevitably affected the fundamental principles of criminal law, particularly the principle of legality. This principle is becoming a stumbling block in further reforming law enforcement practices regarding the implementation of confiscation of property and establishing a unified approach to its application. Currently, law enforcement practice is fragmented. Some doctrinal approaches, as well as law enforcement approaches based on them, cannot guarantee the legality of the seizure of property for state benefit, and law enforcement refuses to accept the positions of the Constitutional and Supreme Courts of the Russian Federation. This demonstrates that the Russian Federation is faced with the choice of the correct direction for the development and improvement of the institution of confiscation, which requires a doctrinal assessment of possible options for such development. Otherwise, the legal system will be unable to implement new confiscation regulations, leading to significant gaps in law enforcement. The research methodology and techniques will comprise both general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, and generalization) and specific scientific research methods.
This study is devoted to the analysis of topical issues related to the legal regulation of telemedicine technologies in the Russian Federation and the search for optimal approaches to stimulate the development of telemedicine, as well as the study of the essence of legal relations in the provision of medical services using telemedicine technologies. The article also examines foreign experience in the implementation of telemedicine technologies, which is compared with the experience of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is due to the active growth of the telemedicine services market, as well as the advantages of telemedicine for patients who are located at a distance. At the same time, legal uncertainty remains regarding the legal status of telemedicine and the procedure for providing telemedicine services. The main objective of the work is to identify problems and contradictions within the framework of existing approaches. The problems under consideration are based on the fragmentary nature of regulation, the lack of uniformity, and uncertainty in matters of civil liability when using telemedicine technologies. The methodological basis of the study consisted of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, deduction) and special legal methods of cognition (formal legal, comparative legal, and systematic analysis methods). Conclusions were drawn about the existence of an imbalance in legal regulation. On the one hand, legislators seek to minimize risks by imposing strict restrictions. At the same time, the existing fragmentation in terms of legal uncertainty in the distribution of civil liability limits the further development of telemedicine. There is a need to systematize the legal norms governing the specifics of civil liability. Experimental legal regimes can help find the most optimal approach for flexible regulation combined with consistency, which will allow the full potential of telemedicine technologies to be realized.
The objective of this study is to identify options for the sustainable, expanded reproduction of industrial fixed assets in oil and gas regions to strengthen their economic security. The assets are impacted by sanctions pressure, high volatility of oil and gas resources, OPEC+ agreements, instability of global commodity derivatives markets, and current global trends in decarbonisation and energy transition. The research methods include regression, structural, dispersion, and cluster analyses. The objects of the study have become the economic systems of regions with budget-forming petrochemical facilities analysed within the period of 2010–2026. The theoretical basis of the work consists of the materials from Rosstat and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment of the Russian Federation. The research is also based on the following provisions of the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation “On the Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation” (February 28, 2024, No. 145), “On the Strategy for Economic Security of the Russian Federation through 2030” (May 13, 2017, No. 208), “Strategy for the Development of the Mineral Resource Base of the Russian Federation through 2035”, etc.
An analysis of the problems and prospects of applying artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of local self-government bodies in the context of the digital transformation of public administration has been conducted. Modern trends in the implementation of intelligent digital systems in municipal practice are considered. It is substantiated that the key obstacle to the development of artificial intelligence in this field is the lack of comprehensive legal regulation. Directions for improving Russian legislation are proposed, including amendments to the discussed bill draft on artificial intelligence, as well as the implementation of data-driven governance principles in the municipal management system as the most promising model for the development of this field.
Exclusivity in criminal proceedings is an evaluative category, it defines the grounds for carrying out certain extraordinary procedural actions in criminal proceeding. The purpose of the article is to define the content, criteria and types of exceptional situations in criminal proceedings. The methodological basis of the research is the universal dialectical method of scientific cognition, which made it possible to study the subject of research in relation to other legal phenomena, as well as general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction) and private scientific (formal logical) methods of cognition. Exclusivity in criminal proceedings is an evaluative category applied when some extraordinary circumstances arise during the course of procedural actions. The criterion for assessing the situation as exceptional is the impossibility of achieving the objectives of criminal proceedings in any other way. Exclusivity in the criminal procedure law is associated with time limits, their extension or reduction; the use of the strictest preventive measure in the form of detention; consideration of criminal cases without the participation of defendants. Depending on the specific exceptional case specified in the law, exclusivity may take on different contents. In each specific case, the official responsible for the proceedings independently determines whether this case is exceptional or not. The existence of the grounds specified in the law does not in itself determine the exclusivity of each specific case.
