Russian State Vocational Pedagogical University

This article is devoted to the study of differences in approaches to maintaining a healthy lifestyle and physical activity among healthy students and students with chronic diseases. The study involved 261 students, of whom one-third had chronic diseases. The research methods included questionnaires (surveys) using the method of intentional choice of wording, comparative analysis, ranking, interpretation and generalization, and mathematical processing. Using questionnaires and analysis of responses, trends in eating behavior, physical activity, and hygiene habits were identified in both groups. The results showed that the presence of chronic diseases does not always lead to the formation of healthy habits. A significant number of students in both groups share low physical activity, dependence on external factors (such as studying), and a focus on formal motives (such as passing exams). The main findings were the lack of a direct correlation between the diagnosis and adherence to a healthy lifestyle; the low motivation for sports among most students; and the insufficient dissemination of high-quality information about proper nutrition and a healthy lifestyle. The results of the study highlight the need for personalized approaches to student health care and the integration of an information platform for monitoring student health; they also reveal a critical lack of physical activity resources and an underlying issue of misinformation.

The article solves the problem of determining thermoelastic stresses in calibrated strikers in a unit of combined casting and deformation during production of hollow steel billets using the calculation methodology developed by the authors. The authors substantiate the relevance of determining thermoelastic stresses in insulated strikers when compressing the wall of a hollow billet and at idle run when cooling the strikers with water, and describe the striker geometry to produce a hollow billet in one pass. The paper considers the initial data and temperature boundary conditions for calculating the temperature field of the striker during production of hollow billets in a unit of combined casting and deformation. The boundary conditions are given to determine the striker temperature as well as the values of heat flow and effective heat transfer coefficient. The results of calculating the temperature fields are performed in four sections and are presented for characteristic lines and points located on the striker contact surface and in the contact layer at a depth of 5 mm from the working surface. Dimensions of the finite element grid are given to calculate thermoelastic stresses in calibrated strikers using the finite element method with ANSYS package. The authors determined the magnitudes and patterns of distribution of thermoelastic stresses in a calibrated striker when compressing the wall of a hollow billet and at idle run when such a billet is produced in one pass in a unit of combined casting and deformation. Based on the calculated temperature values and the magnitude of the maximum compressive thermoelastic stresses on the contact surface of the strikers, it is proposed to use a pipe billet as a material for making strikers.

The Tavda River is formed by the confluence of the Sosva and Lozva rivers, which allows these waterways to be regarded as a single hydrological complex. An initial attempt to occupy the banks of the Tavda River occurred 25–27 thousand years ago. Small groups of Paleolithic populations established a presence in the upper reaches of the Tavda, as evidenced by short-term sites. At one such site, Boltushevo, an ornamented mammoth rib was disco-vered, while stone and bone tools were found at two additional sites: Linty and Rublevo. However, no long-term settlements have been identified in the area. This is most likely attributable to the specific topographical and hydrological features of the Tavda River. Considering the connectivity of regional waterways — including the Irtysh, Tobol, and Tavda rivers — it is plausible to assume that the southern part of Western Siberia served as the initial point of resettlement for that group. Approximately 10 thousand years later (16–19 thousand years ago), a subsequent group of Paleolithic hunters appeared along the banks of the Sosva River. The chosen settlement was situated featured a convenient coastal area, flanked on both sides by deep ravines. One kilometer away, a high hill offered a clear view of the surrounding land-scape. Behind the hill, there was a gravel bed containing suitable mineral raw materials. Several short-term sites have been identified within a day's walking distance (20–25 km). A comparative analysis of the artifact assemblages from the Sosva and Tavda sites with those from reliable short-term sites in the Ural region supports the interpretation that these represent similar types of temporary occupation. The predominance of jasper as the primary raw material at the Garin-skoye settlement (56 %), coupled with a distinctive method of core processing that is known from the sites in the Southern Urals, provides compelling evidence to suggest that the Paleolithic settlement of the Sosva River banks originated from populations migrating from that region.

Background. Professional development of rehabilitation facility staff unfolds in a setting marked by interdisciplinarity, clinical uncertainty, and the need for coordinated teamwork. Conventional continuing education formats often fail to reflect the specificity of rehabilitation care: long-term patient engagement, integration of medical and educational technologies, and the centrality of communication and clinical-pedagogical reasoning. This creates a practical and research problem of identifying pedagogical conditions that ensure sustainable competence growth and reduce risks of professional maladaptation. Purpose. To identify and substantiate a set of pedagogical conditions that support the professional development of rehabilitation facility staff within competence-based and activity-oriented approaches. Materials and methods. The study draws on an analysis of Russian and international literature on adult professional learning, lifelong education, and interprofessional collaboration in clinical contexts, as well as on the review of local regulations and training practices in rehabilitation organizations. The methods included theoretical analysis and synthesis, pedagogical modeling, and an expert survey (interviews and questionnaires) of rehabilitation professionals followed by thematic categorization and ranking of the identified conditions. Results. Four interconnected groups of pedagogical conditions were substantiated: organizational and managerial (supportive learning environment, mentoring, access to clinical supervision), content and methodological (competency modules, case-based and simulation learning, workplace learning), communicative and team-based (interprofessional communication, shared language of goals and outcomes, team case conferences), and reflective and evaluative (portfolio, formative assessment, culture of reflection). The findings indicate that the strongest effect emerges when these conditions are integrated into a single “learning rehabilitation organization” model, aligning competence development with patient pathways and team decision-making. The concluding statement is that professional development in rehabilitation facilities depends less on increasing training volume and more on building pedagogical infrastructure around real care practices, with mentoring, interprofessional learning, and reflective assessment as core mechanisms.

During a survey of “mammoth cemeteries” in the vicinity of the former village of Linty, a multi-layered site was discovered. The site is situated 63 km (by water) from the regional center of Gary, on the right bank of the Tavda River. It contains isolated Paleolithic finds, Mesolithic (16.5 %), Neolithic (43 %), and Eneolithic complexes (23 %, excluding flakes). Isolated occurrences of Early Iron Age ceramics have also been recorded. Of particular significance is the microlithic Mesolithic complex, which represents the first documented Mesolithic find on the Tavda River. The collection includes all the principal tool types of Mesolithic stone products: nucleuses, burins, cutters, scrapers, points, and retouched and untouched blades. A distinctive feature of this complex is the presence of exceptionally well-worked nucleuses. The assemblage also includes a nucleus manufactured from a fragment of a polished tool and a burin exhibiting transverse retouching.