Ural State Mining University

Deformation behavior of hydrogenated dentin from intact human teeth was studied in shear testing at room temperature, and the dependence of its mechanical properties on specimen thickness and the degree of dentinal canal filling with water was determined. It was shown that, regardless of specimen thickness and the degree of dentinal canal filling with water, the dentin deformation behavior is similar to that of viscoelastic filled polymers, whereas the dentin’s failure mode in shear was characterized as brittle fracture. It was found that the deformation behavior of thick hydrogenated dentin specimens is independent on the degree of dentinal canal filling with water, which significantly affected only the behavior of thin specimens.

Background. Icy quartz and gondites of the Borussian ophiolite belt (Western Sayan Mountains) are promising as jewelry and ornamental raw materials and industrial stone materials for various purposes; however, these deposits have been poorly studied. Aim. To investigate the structural and material composition of icy quartz and gondites of the Borussian ophiolite belt and to determine their applicability in jewelry production and as industrial stone materials. Materials and methods. Samples of icy quartz and gondites from the Western Sayan Mountains were provided by TomGDK LLC. The structure and mineral composition of rocks were determined by optical methods in polished thin sections. The chemical composition of samples was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis (XFA). Individual minerals were studied by scanning electron microscopy using a Jeol JSM-6390LV microscope equipped with an INCA Energy 450 X-Max 80 energy dispersive attachment. The mineral composition of microquartzite and gondite was assessed by X-ray analysis performed at the Common Use Center “Geoanalyst” of the Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Ekaterinburg). Results. Icy quartz is a massive, fine-grained quartzite of almost monomineral composition with minor admixtures of chlorite, fluorapatite, and calcite. The best varieties transmit light to a depth of 10 cm or greater. Gondites are represented by the same microquartzites of a coarse-banded texture; they are characterized by abundant inclusions of almandine-spessartine. These exhibit signs of shear deformations and recrystallization, which caused the formation of banding and small folds of drawing. The ornamental and mechanical properties render icy quartz and gondite suitable for jewelry, glyptic, and souvenir production. The purest (free from mineral impurities) icy quartz is similar in its characteristics to such an expensive abrasive material as Arkansas stone. Conclusions. Due to their decorative qualities and mechanical properties, icy quartz, gondites, and black microquartzites of the Borussian ophiolite belt can be used for jewelry, glyptic, and souvenir production. Icy quartz, free from mineral impurities, can be used as an abrasive material, such as Arkansas stone.

Abstract Context and relevance. The ability to cope with difficulties is a vital necessity of modern man. Given the existence of young people in two spaces — real and digital — the question of coping methods and the degree of their effectiveness in the digital environment becomes important. In particular, the educational environment has undergone changes, in which the use of digital technologies is becoming one of the priorities. Students are forced to adapt to new forms of knowledge acquisition, which carries certain risks. Objective. To identify the features of protective and coping behavior of students in the digital educational environment, depending on the gender factor and the degree of satisfaction with the digital educational environment. Methods and materials. Five methods were chosen as psychodiagnostic tools, reflecting the assessment of the digital educational environment, diagnosing coping behavior strategies, protection mechanisms, the level of psychological well-being and stylistic features of conscious self-regulation of educational activities. Methods of mathematical and statistical processing were used for statistical verification of the data. 137 students of higher educational institutions and colleges in Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region participated in the study, 104 of them were girls and 33 were boys. The average age of the respondents was 19 years. Results. The dominant coping models and strategies are determined depending on the degree of adaptation to new conditions and the predictors influencing the overall assessment of satisfaction with the digital educational environment. Girls are characterized by a strategy of seeking social support, impulsive actions, projection and hypercompensation. Young men tend to resort to antisocial actions and harassment. The variables that do not depend on the psychological components in determining the degree of satisfaction with the digital educational environment have been identified. Conclusions. The study identifies predictors that influence the degree of satisfaction with the digital educational environment, which can serve as the main criteria for building preventive programs to develop coping skills in the digital environment.

Природоподобные технологии разработки месторождений полезных ископаемых – это технологии, имитирующие природные процессы и позволяющие внедрить искусственно созданную человеком среду, антропосферу в природную. Подобные технологии направлены на рациональное недропользование и восстановление естественных геосфер. В рамках данной статьи рассматриваются новые подходы к теории нефтегазообразования, концепциям освоения, сохранения и восполнения нефтегазовых ресурсов, а также основные идеи построения природоподобных технологий в нефтяной добывающей промышленности. Приводятся их примеры. Обосновываются перспективность и возможные проблемы реализации таких технологий. Показана необходимость развития исследований в этом направлении. Nature-like technologies for mineral deposit development are technologies that imitate natural processes and allow the introduction of an artificially created human environment, the anthroposphere, into the natural one. Such technologies are aimed at rational subsoil management and restoration of natural geospheres. This article examines new approaches to the theory of oil and gas formation, concepts for the development, conservation, and replenishment of oil and gas resources, as well as the main ideas for constructing nature-like technologies in the oil extraction industry. Examples of these are provided. The prospects and potential problems of implementing such technologies are substantiated. The necessity of developing research in this direction is shown.

To evaluate the safety of the geological environment surrounding the construction sites of urban underground engineering projects, we evaluated surface subsidence along Metro Line 1 in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China from January 2014 to October 2019, by applying the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique to 51 and 72 images from the TerraSAR-X and Sentinel-1A satellites, respectively. The results for the TerraSAR-X monitoring period indicated a maximum surface subsidence of –11.6 mm/yr above the Line 1 section between Gongnong Road and People’s Square stations, caused by drainage of the construction site. Conversely, during the Sentinel-1A monitoring period, surface uplift, attributed to groundwater rebound after construction ceased, occurred above the same subway section, with a rate of approximately 3.1 mm/yr. Temporal analysis of surface deformation indicated “S-shaped” subsidence time series during underground construction, which we divided into three phases: the initial, active, and stable phases, followed after construction by the surface uplift caused by groundwater rebound. Finally, spatial analysis of surface subsidence with the Peck model indicated that the impact of the Gongnong Road station construction extended to approximately 600 m from the subway centerline, with a maximum subsidence of −23.5 mm and a maximum trough width of 289.5 m. This study can provide technical support for safe underground construction and engineering disaster prevention.