The S.A. Engineering College (Tamil: எஸ்.ஏ.பொறியியல் கல்லூரி) is an autonomous engineering college in Veeraraghavapuram near Thiruverkadu, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The college was awarded ISO 9001:2008 certificate for academic standard by TUV. The college is accredited by NBA and NAAC with 'A' grade.The Dharma Naidu Educational and Charitable Trust started functioning under the leadership of D. Sudharssanam, a former M.L.A. The S.A. Engineering College was established in the Academic Year 1998–99 with the approval of the AICTE and affiliation with the University of Madras and the general policy of the Government of Tamil Nadu to give high priority to technical education..
Carbon nanomaterials have gained the attention of researchers in the biomedical field due to their versatile characteristics, such as unique structural, physical, and chemical properties. Their tunable structures with respect to the synthesis process have led to their applications in various fields of biomedicine. We critically analysed the sustainable synthesis approaches, including green chemistry routes, thermal carbonisation, microwave-assisted methods, hydrothermal processes, pyrolytic techniques, and emerging computationally guided methods. This review encompasses diverse carbon sources, including biomass waste, synthetic polymers, coal derivatives, graphite, and nanocellulose. We demonstrate that dimensional control achieved through strategic precursor synthesis directly influences biomedical performance in cancer therapeutics, tissue-engineering scaffolds, multimodal bioimaging platforms, and cardiovascular applications. Unlike previous application-centric or waste-valorisation reviews, this work integrates sustainability principles with rational materials design, providing researchers with a predictive framework for developing tailored carbon nanomaterials for specific biomedical applications.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide–functionalized MWCNTs (HMIM-Br@MWCNTs), and ethyl-4-aminocinnamate–functionalized MWCNTs (EAC@MWCNTs) were incorporated into ethylene–propylene–diene rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber (EPDM/SBR) blends to evaluate their influence on curing behavior, mechanical performance, and physical properties. The composites were prepared using a conventional two-roll mill followed by compression molding. The effects of pristine and surface-modified nanotubes on cure characteristics, tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, abrasion resistance, compression set, and swelling resistance were systematically investigated. The incorporation of MWCNT-based fillers significantly enhanced filler–matrix interactions and promoted efficient stress transfer within the elastomer network. Tensile strength increased progressively with filler loading and reached an optimum at 5 phr. At this concentration, the tensile strength improved by approximately 99
This study explores the curing behavior, physical characteristics, and mechanical performance of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber (EPDM/NBR) composites reinforced with surface-modified graphene oxide (mGO), highlighting their suitability for flexible and durable engineering applications. The curing parameters, including cure rate index, optimum cure time, scorch time, torque difference, maximum torque, and minimum torque, were systematically evaluated. Physical properties such as hardness and rebound resilience, along with mechanical properties including tensile strength, 100
This study investigates the effect of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and their surface-modified variants, including (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane-grafted HNTs (APTES-HNTs), bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide-treated HNTs (TESPT-HNTs), resorcinol–hexamethylenetetramine-functionalized HNTs (RH-HNTs), and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide-modified HNTs (HMIMBr-HNTs), on the overall performance of ethylene–propylene–diene rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber (EPDM/SBR)-based nanocomposites. For comparison, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and their functionalized counterparts, including APTES-CNTs, TESPT-CNTs, 1-octadecanol-modified CNTs (ODA-CNTs), and HMIMBr-modified CNTs (HMIMBr-CNTs), were evaluated under identical conditions. The influence of these nanofillers on curing characteristics, mechanical properties, morphological behavior, abrasion resistance, swelling characteristics, compression set, and crosslink density was systematically analyzed over a filler loading range of 0–8 phr. Rheological analysis indicated that increasing nanofiller loading led to higher torque development and cure rate index, along with reduced scorch time and optimum cure time. Improved dispersion and stronger interfacial interactions contributed to enhanced crosslink density, resulting in better hardness and abrasion resistance. Tensile strength increased with filler loading up to an optimum of 5 phr, followed by a decline at higher loadings due to agglomeration effects. Among all systems, CNT-based nanocomposites exhibited superior reinforcing efficiency compared to HNT-based systems, with further enhancement observed for ionic liquid-modified nanofillers. Notably, HMIMBr-CNT-filled composites demonstrated the highest performance, showing improvements of up to 236
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising nanofillers for enhancing the performance of chloroprene rubber/natural rubber (CR/NR) composites. In this study, CNTs were incorporated into CR/NR blends at loadings up to 10 phr using melt mixing, and their influence on curing, mechanical and physical properties was systematically evaluated. Key properties studied included tensile strength, stress at 100
