This study continues the theme of St. Petersburg's green framework within the estate developments of the first half of the 18th century. The previous publication examined the first two levels of this historical landscape structure. This paper analyzes the third level, which consists of large green nodes and the visual modules for visual perception of urban landscape zones.
The research addresses to modern approaches to the constructivist architecture objects integration into Moscow and St. Petersburg urban environment. The key issues of these facilities conservation and adaptation, as well as their potential for socio-economic development are considered. Integration methods including museumification, restoration and integrated territorial development are analyzed by the example of successful projects. A theoretical model for the constructivist architectural monument integrating into the urban environment was developed. The study results demonstrate economic benefits and cultural significance of the constructivist objects integrating into the modern urban context.
The authors present their method for digital analysis of the visibility of architectural and planning objects in an urban environment based on the integration of geoinformation data, three-dimensional modeling, and light analysis. The method eliminates the need for field surveys, ensuring objective and reproducible results. Unlike traditional approaches, which are limited by the accessibility of the territory and the subjectivity of perception, the proposed method relies on open sources of geodata and combines a sequence of operations in QGIS, SketchUp, and V-Ray environments to construct quantitative visibility maps. Testing of the method on the example of the Raduga National Nature Park in St. Petersburg confirmed its effectiveness and consistency with real observations. The results demonstrate the potential for practical use of the method in urban planning and historical and architectural research when assessing the visual perception of architectural and urban planning objects.
2026 marks 130 years since the first recorded road traffic accident (RTA) involving a motor vehicle (1896). Since then, generally accepted views, approaches, and practices (paradigms) for reducing road accidents have changed repeatedly in global science. One of the many innovative approaches to improving road safety is the entropy approach, which allows for the assessment and management of the structural quality of road safety processes. The purpose of this article is to present the author’s position on two controversial issues related to: – demonstrating the relevance of research tools using entropy assessments in studying the specifics of the structural quality of road safety systems; – arguing for the high information value of the «Relative Entropy Hn of Road Safety» indicator as an indicator of the structural quality of regional road safety systems. The main ideas, author’s methodology, and methodological apparatus for studying the structural quality of road safety processes using entropy assessments have previously been presented in articles published in the Russian and international scientific press. Based on the results of the research presented in this article, the authors conclude that the entropy approach is appropriate for assessing the regional specifics of road accident formation processes and demonstrate the statistical validity of using the Relative Entropy Hn of Road Safety indicator as the most important indicator of road safety management quality. The scientific novelty of the research results presented in this article lies in the argumentation for the «Relative Entropy Hn of ad Safety» indicator as a highly informative one from a statistical perspective. The practical significance of the research results is confirmed by specialists from the Road Safety Research Center of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, who are using the author’s methodology to study the quality of road safety management processes. Further research on the topic discussed in this article could focus on examining the structural quality of Russian regional vehicle fleets and its impact on road accidents associated with the poor technical condition of vehicles.
The article reveals the importance of purposefully following an established set of principles that determine the design developments direction in line with the “Green Architecture” development. It is noted that there is a need for the integrated use of the identified principles for the effective implementation of the “green facilities” experimental design goals and the design tasks. Examples of the experimental projects development carried out in the educational design framework in USUAA (UrGAKhU) are given. Special attention is paid to the principle called “A city under a roof”, as the most appropriate to the specifics of the design goals and objectives for the Russian Federation Arctic zone and the regions of the Far North of Russia conditions.
