This study demonstrates DLP-printed mini-channel filters. Arrays with 0.5 and 1.0 mm apertures were made from plant-derived UV resin and characterized by geometry, wettability, FT-IR, SEM-EDS, three-point bending with FEA, and filtration tests. Cured resin showed contact angles of 72 degrees (flat), 86 degrees (0.5 mm), and 78 degrees (1.0 mm). Time-lapse imaging showed imbibition in 1.0 mm channels (similar to 0.26 s) but slower uptake in 0.5 mm channels (similar to 95 s), consistent with capillary and Washburn scaling. Flexural tests showed higher strength for 0.5 mm channels (12.41 MPa) but greater flexibility for 1.0 mm channels (10.33 MPa); failure modes matched FEA, which reproduced maximum stresses within 0.16% (0.5 mm) and 8.32% (1.0 mm). Filtration showed sawdust retention yet more clogging for 0.5 mm, higher throughput but lower capture for 1.0 mm, with performance converging at 5% sawdust. SEM revealed clogging-prone micro-bumps, while FT-IR confirmed polymerization and sawdust-related bands, showing resins enable efficient, reliable filtration.
This study presents a comparative evaluation of the erosion performance of stainless steel 304 (SS304) and carbon steel 1045 (CS1045) under waterjet peening process. The investigation focused on surface roughness and erosion characteristics under varying waterjet impingement parameters, including the number of jet passes, pressure, feedrate and stand-off distance. ANOVA results showed that the number of jet passes was the most influential parameter affecting surface roughness followed by pressure, feedrate and standoff-distance for both materials. In terms of surface roughness, CS1045 consistently exhibited greater value than SS304, primarily because of its lower hardness and reduced resistance to plastic deformation. Although CS1045 showed only slightly more severe material erosion overall, continuous surface degradation was particularly evident at higher pressures and increased jet passes. Hardness measurements further revealed that CS1045 exhibited a substantially greater increase in hardness compared to SS304 under identical waterjet conditions. Fractographic analysis revealed a predominantly ductile erosion mechanism in SS304, characterized by fibrous and dimpled fracture surfaces. Conversely, CS1045 displayed a mixed brittle-ductile erosion mode, with cleavage features and river patterns indicative of brittle fracture. These observations highlight the complex nature of material response to waterjet impact, where factors such as microstructure, hardness, and energy absorption mechanisms significantly influence erosion behaviour. The findings offer valuable insights for selecting suitable materials in applications involving high-pressure fluid impact and surface treatment processes.
Environmental governance plays a critical role in shaping the effectiveness of sustainability certification implementation in perennial plantation systems, particularly in oil palm plantation landscapes associated with forest transformation and socio-ecological risks. In Indonesia, the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) scheme functions as a mandatory certification system aimed at strengthening environmental accountability. However, variations in implementation outcomes suggest that compliance alone does not guarantee effective certification implementation. This study examines how internal governance mechanisms shape ISPO implementation within a specific plantation organizational context by focusing on the transition from compliance-oriented practices to sustainability-oriented commitment. Using survey data from an ISPO-certified plantation in West Kalimantan and applying partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the study tests a mediation model linking green training effectiveness, sustainable work environment, and environmental compliance transparency to certification outcomes through corporate environmental commitment. The results show that Corporate Environmental Commitment fully mediates the effects of Green Training Effectiveness and Sustainable Work Environment on ISPO Implementation Success, indicating that organizational conditions contribute to certification effectiveness only when they are translated into governance commitment. In contrast, Environmental Compliance Transparency does not significantly influence commitment formation or certification outcomes. These findings suggest that effective certification implementation depends less on procedural compliance and more on the internalization of environmental priorities into organizational governance routines. The study contributes to the environmental governance literature by demonstrating that sustainability certification effectiveness emerges through governance internalization processes rather than through organizational practices alone.
As museums increasingly adopt immersive technologies, visual spectacle can expand engagement while weakening connections to original artifacts and cultural context. This study examines how visual hyperreality constructs cultural narratives at the National Museum of Indonesia and under what curatorial conditions immersion deepens cultural interpretation. Using a descriptive-interpretive phenomenological design, the study triangulated spatial observations, visual documentation, institutional records, interviews with three museum managers, questionnaires from 108 local and 17 international visitors, and follow-up interviews with nine post-ImersifA visitors. Findings reveal a relational mechanism: artifacts anchor authenticity; curatorial narratives direct interpretation; immersive space produces embodied and affective engagement; and digital media expand historical and cultural contexts. Seven of nine participants intended to view original artifacts after ImersifA, indicating that immersion can operate as a bridge rather than a substitute. The study advances visual hyperreality as an artifact-anchored curatorial framework connecting authenticity, immersion, participation, and meaning while limiting the risk of spectacle.
Resource allocation plays a crucial role in determining the overall performance of 6G wireless networks; however, the growing number of users and the integration of heterogeneous infrastructures make this task increasingly challenging. Even with higher capacity and wider coverage, spectrum and energy resources remain limited. Furthermore, different network infrastructures operate under rapidly changing wireless conditions. Therefore, achieving the expected 6G network performance also depends on allocating these limited resources based on current network conditions. This requirement has led to the development of various optimization methods for wireless-resource allocation. However, the performance improvements reported in existing studies do not necessarily establish whether the corresponding methods can operate under 6G networks. Most evaluations emphasize the resulting allocation quality while providing limited evidence on whether the complete decision process remains efficient under changing network conditions. This paper therefore evaluates the operational evidence reported for centralized, distributed, and hybrid resource allocation against criteria derived from 6G requirements. The assessment of several state-of-the-art solutions shows that solution quality is consistently demonstrated; however, evidence concerning decision timeliness, signaling overhead, and resource-management energy remains limited. Based on these findings, the paper derives four operational design principles: validity-aware control, efficient coordination, feasibility-preserving adaptation, and net-benefit management. Accordingly, it identifies open challenges for practical 6G resource allocation.
