Sarat Centenary College

This paper discusses the classification of entities in a library environment using the named entity recognition and machine learning techniques to understand their importance and applications in the library and information management field. It investigates how to link the repository with the integration process and how this helps in the similarity of items and articles and classifying web entities efficiently. The study brings out in a detailed manner the Named Entity Recognition and Machine Learning and the fundamentals and techniques involved in it. The Jupyter and Python notebooks classify entities using external knowledge bases (DBpedia, Wikipedia). It looks into real-life situations and case studies on practical applications of NER and ML to library systems. Entity classification is an essential task during automatic classification. It enables us to add knowledge to library systems. Merging the technologies helps to get efficient and accurate cataloging, indexing, and metadata management processes. This technology will help automate the entity classification tasks of the library catalog, making the procedures more manageable. The article gives good views about the benefits of these technologies and their application for library professionals to improve information management strategies.

This article investigates the existence and physical viability of static, spherically symmetric stellar models within the framework of de Rham–Gabadadze–Tolley (dRGT) massive gravity. We consider a specific anisotropic fluid distribution confined to a Tolman V type spacetime metric, embedded within a four-dimensional Karmarkar condition. The exterior spacetime is described by a dRGT massive gravity analogue of the Schwarzschild solution, with careful consideration given to the Vainshtein mechanism that ensures recovery of General Relativity on appropriate scales. By employing the Darmois–Israel junction conditions at the boundary, we determine the unknown constants of the system while maintaining consistency with observational constraints on the graviton mass m_g ≲ 10^-22 eV. A detailed physical analysis of the obtained solution is performed for candidate compact stars by selecting realistic values for mass and radius. We demonstrate that the model satisfies all necessary physical criteria for a stable stellar configuration, including regularity at the center, causality conditions, stability against adiabatic radial perturbations, and all standard energy conditions. The presence of massive gravity parameters is shown to significantly influence the maximum mass, compactness, and overall stability of the star, suggesting that dRGT massive gravity—with properly activated Vainshtein screening—can support stable, ultra-dense compact objects that are potentially more massive than their General Relativity counterparts while remaining consistent with gravitational wave constraints.

In this work, we develop a relativistic description of the isotropic, charged pulsar CenX-3 by embedding it in the f(R,T) gravity framework-a modification of Einsteins general relativity (GR) in which the action depends on both the Ricci scalar R and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T. Beginning with the well-behaved Durgapal-V metric functions, we derive a spherically symmetric interior solution to the coupled Einstein-Maxwell field equations modified by the f(R,T) term. To fix the model parameters, we match the observed mass M = 1.49 +/- 0.08 M-circle dot and radius R = 9.178(-0.130)(+0.130) km of CenX-3, enforcing continuity at the stellar surface with the exterior Reissner Nordstrom metric. Our analysis confirms that the solution satisfies all physical acceptability requirements including the energy conditions, causality constraints, and stability criteria throughout the configuration. The incorporation of electric charge and matter-geometry coupling in f(R,T) gravity thus offers a robust extension of GR, capable of producing consistent models for compact stellar objects.

Growing global energy demand and environmental concerns have accelerated the exploration of multifunctional systems for harvesting, storage, and utilization. The development of technologies that can seamlessly harvest, store, and utilize energy is essential for a sustainable future. Nanogenerator-integrated self-powered electrochromic devices epitomize this vision by coupling mechanical energy harvesters, such as triboelectric or piezoelectric nanogenerators, with electrochromic materials. Electrochromism is a cutting-edge research field in which materials couple charge transfer with dynamic optical modulation to enable reversible, energy-efficient control of color and transparency at the molecular and device levels, primarily for energy-saving smart windows and displays. This integration eliminated the need for external power, enabling real-time visual state monitoring and on-demand utilization. Recent studies reveal significant advancements in rapid electrochromic switching, high optical contrast, and improved energy-harvesting outputs; however, challenges remain in device lifetime, power management, and scalability. This review highlights the fundamental mechanisms of electrochromism and nanogenerators, their coupling mechanisms, the correlation between structure and performance across emerging material systems, and the latest progress in integrated device applications. Finally, we outline future opportunities for robust and efficient self-powered electrochromic systems that could redefine sustainable electronics.

We mainly analyze the effective dynamics of scalar particles trapped in a two-dimensional static de Sitter (dS _2 ) spacetime from the rainbow gravity perspective. For this purpose, in the framework of gravity’s rainbow, we exactly solve the covariant Klein-Gordon equation to reach the wave function identifying relativistic dynamics of scalar particles as well as generate the corresponding energy spectrum, oscillation frequency, particle creation rate, and transmission probability, analyze them thoroughly, and highlight how the results vary depending on the selected rainbow gravity scenario. We found that the investigation implies quite amazing results. One of them is that while the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) does not give physically measurable energy values for the system we are examining, the rainbow approach of gravity allows us to obtain a real energy spectrum. Another conclusion is that if the test particles are confined to a two-dimensional geometry, the particle creation process can be observed even if the space-time model is static. The previous studies in literature indicate that the production of particles occurs in an expanding space-time or depends on the existence of a strong exterior electric field. From this point of view, our study presents a remarkable result for the creation process of relativistic scalar particles.