Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University

The study of this issue will allow us to more fully understand the dynamics of migration processes and their relationship with the labor market in conditions of uncertainty, which is important for the development of effective management and adaptation strategies during periods of crisis and after its completion. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for government andnon-government organizations on managing migration processes in conditions of uncertainty in the labor market, aimed at ensuring sustainable development and social stability. Research hypothesis: During and after the COVID-19 pandemic, migration processes in the labor market will be characterized by changes in migration flows and preferences in choosing a place of work and place of residence due to in-creased uncertainty among the employed population. As a result of instability in the labor market during the pandemic and subsequent economic recovery, there may be an increase in internal migration between regions and countries, as well as changes in patterns of labor mobility, including an increase in remote work and a preference for work in industries that are resistant to crisis conditions. Research results: Based on the research results, recommendations can be developed for government and non-government organizations on managing migration processes in conditions of uncertainty in the labor market. This may include recommendations for the development of flexible forms of employment, support for labor mobility and the development of adaptation and social protection programs. Considering the situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan, the author examined the factors influencing the development of the labor market among the younger generation, and hypothesized that there is a connection be-tween the indicators under consideration and factors considered in this study.

Objective. To identify factors influencing the expected retirement age in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Background. Against the backdrop of the pension reform, which artificially increased the length of the working period of workers, as well as the recorded increase in average life expectancy, it is relevant to study the factors influencing professional longevity in Kazakhstan (where the pension reform has partially completed) and in Russia. Study design. Cross-cultural study, comparative analysis of two groups equalized by calendar age. Statistics were used: regression analysis, Fisher's test, t-test for unrelated groups. Participants. 474 people aged from 35 to 70 years. Residents of the Russian Federation: 249 people (of which 56% are women). Residents of the Republic of Kazakhstan: 225 people (of which 52% are women).Measurements. Scale of expected retirement age, Questionnaire of personal resources, Questionnaire for assessing socio-demographic indicators, health indicators: subjective assessment of health, statistical balancing. Results. In Russia the expected retirement age is: women – 54,9 years, men – 58,3 years, in Kazakhstan: women – 57,4 years; men – at 60,8 years. Plan to retire on time: in Kazakhstan 48% of men and 19% of women, in Russia 3% and 1%. To work beyond retirement age: in Russia: 5% of women and 5% of men, in Kazakhstan: 0% and 3%. The differences are significant. Conclusions. The main factor in professional longevity is the state of health (objective and subjective). Having a family (Kazakhstan) and children (Russia) are important only for women, and they reduce professional longevity. Having interesting hobbies increases professional longevity among women in Russia, and partially among women in Kazakhstan. Living in a large city reduces expected professional longevity in Kazakhstan.

This paper studies a differential equation representing the differences of two operators. One of the operators is generated by linear differential expressions that depend on time. The second operator is the Ionkin operator with respect to the spatial variable. In this paper, the differential operator with respect to time is generated by two-point Birkhoff regular boundary conditions. At the same time, the elliptic operator with respect to the spatial variable does not satisfy the so-called Agmon conditions. Moreover, the operator with respect to the spatial variable is not self-adjoint. In the beginning, the solvability of the problem is proved. In the final part, the uniqueness of the solution is proved. Direct application of the methods of the authors' previous works to prove the uniqueness of the solution to the problem is quite problematic. However, the authors managed to modify the reasoning of previous works to prove the uniqueness of the solution to the problem.

Background: In democratic societies governed by the rule of law, parliament plays a crucial role by passing laws, holding the government accountable, expressing the will of the people, and cooperating with local communities. However, the role of the legislative branch may vary significantly depending on the political system of individual countries. Kazakhstan serves as a case study of how the presidency and executive branch control the country's political life, and the role of parliament is not yet fully defined, undergoing a process of transformation. Therefore, it is crucial to understand people's perceptions of the role of parliament in the context of reforms aimed at deepening the democratisation of society. Methods: This study employs a quantitative research approach to examine public attitudes towards Parliament, focusing on accountability and public trust. A survey conducted among 598 respondents resulted in an accurate representation of public opinion. The study aims to assess trust in governmental entities, including Parliament; the perception of the authorities' responsibility for Kazakhstan's socio-economic situation; and satisfaction with the current Parliament's performance and the laws it has passed. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results and conclusion: The findings indicate that public trust in the legislative body in Kazakhstan is significantly lower than in the executive branch. According to the findings, Parliament is perceived as having limited autonomy and influence in socio-economic governance. Most respondents believe that the President and the government shape important national decisions. The study further revealed that most respondents believe that parliamentarians tend to represent the interests of the government or their political parties rather than those of the voters. The findings also highlighted a substantial gap between lawmakers and the public, with many respondents not even knowing who their parliamentary representatives are. These findings underscore the urgent need for reforms that improve parliamentary oversight, legislative independence, and public communication. The study is especially important in light of the government's broader commitment to the "Listening State" initiative, which aims to increase public involvement in governance and decision-making.

Статья посвящена исследованию социокультурных, лингвистических проблем чистоты речевой коммуникации в сфере уголовно-исполнительной деятельности. Ориентация данной деятельности на создание условий, необходимых для социальной реинтеграции осужденных, предусматривает решающую роль речевой коммуникации сотрудников органов и учреждений, исполняющих уголовные наказания, и осужденных. Поскольку слова имеют образы и смыслы, их использование отражает не только уровень мышления, но и ценностное отношение человека к окружающему миру, столь значимое в процессе исправления осужденных. В связи с этим в исследовании рассматриваются такие источники опасности деформаций речевой коммуникации, как криминальный сленг (жаргон) и бюрократический канцелярит, нередко используемый как в официальных документах органов и учреждений уголовно-исполнительной системы, так и в разговорной речи их персонала. Методологическую основу исследования составили общенаучные методы и приемы (диалектический, описание и др.), а также методы структурно-семантического анализа, сравнительно-правовой и историко-правовой методы. Источниками языкового материала стали научные труды в области филологии и юриспруденции, публикации в научных и периодических изданиях по историко-правовой тематике. Исследование опирается на негативный социокультурный опыт ГУЛАГа, сосредоточение в котором в 30-50-е годы XX века значительного числа заключенных и последующее массовое освобождение лиц, усвоивших криминальные традиции, без надлежащей их ресоциализации, повлияли на широкое распространение криминальной субкультуры в социуме, нашедшей отражение в массовом использовании уголовного жаргона. Обращено внимание на то, что данный жаргон и в настоящее время генерируется средой осужденных и транслируется в общество. Наряду с этим крайне нежелательным явлением выступает бюрократический канцелярит в речевой коммуникации структур уголовно-исполнительной системы, отражающий функционально-инструментальный, обезличенный подход к человеку, проявляющийся, например, в таких словах, как «трудоиспользование», «трудозанятость» осужденных. Сделаны выводы о необходимости обеспечения чистоты речевой коммуникации в уголовно-исполнительной деятельности.