Vehicle cabins are key microenvironments for airborne disease transmission, owing to their confined spaces and high occupant density. Ventilation that reduces infection risk often causes drafts, creating a dilemma between health protection and thermal comfort. This study addresses the trade-off between airborne cross-infection risk and thermal comfort, expressed as the draft rate (DR), through multi-objective optimization. Numerical analysis used the standard k-ε turbulence model, validated against particle image velocimetry data, and N2O tracer transport, with duct-informed vent inlet profiles from a two-stage simulation. Four tracer species, one per occupant, released simultaneously, resolved all 12 source-receptor cross-infection pathways through a cell-wise Wells-Riley model; draft was quantified by the cabin-averaged and worst-seat DR. A Taguchi L27 array with Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) consolidated the 13 conflicting responses into a Grey Relational Grade (GRG), 90.3% of whose variance was due to inlet velocity. The predicted optimum, 9 m/s and 12°C with nominal vent angles of 60°, 0°, 60° and 60°, was confirmed by a direct simulation (GRG 0.941; predicted 0.922 ± 0.099) and by runs varying Vent 1 and Vent 2 at fixed velocity and temperature. It reduces the mean infection probability to 1.5%, 94% below the worst case, but at cabin-averaged and worst-seat DRs of 82.8% and 99.3%, far beyond ISO 7730 Category III; the same layout at 20°C has the highest grade of all runs (0.946), with a cabin-averaged DR of 67.7% at unchanged infection risk. Both are temporary high-dilution modes, not comfortable operating points.
PurposeThis study examines the impact of transactive memory systems, conceptualized as organizational knowledge-based systems, on network capability and firm performance, with a focus on the mediating role of technology adaptive capability. To achieve this, the study integrates transactive memory systems, relational view, and dynamic capabilities.Design/methodology/approachData collected from 935 firms operating in T & uuml;rkiye were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 to assess the measurement model, test the structural relationships, and evaluate both explanatory power and predictive relevance.FindingsThe findings indicate that transactive memory systems have a direct positive effect on network capability, technology adaptive capability, and firm performance. Network capability positively influences technology adaptive capability and firm performance, while technology adaptive capability strongly enhances firm performance. Furthermore, network capability and technology adaptive capability both individually and sequentially mediate the relationship between transactive memory systems and firm performance, highlighting their critical role in translating collective knowledge into adaptive capabilities that improve organizational outcomes.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first to conceptualize transactive memory systems as an organizational knowledge-based system and to test its effect on firm performance through network capability and technology adaptive capability within a multi-level model.
Land-use change is a critical driver reshaping aeroecological patterns in semiarid ecotones worldwide. Understanding these dynamics is essential as global biodiversity loss projections suggest that Mediterranean ecosystems are increasingly vulnerable. This study comparatively analyses the aeroecological signatures of two contrasting land-use models (urban and agricultural) within a semiarid ecotone in Southeastern Türkiye. We propose the “Aeroecological Paradox” as a conceptual framework to describe the structural divergence between these landscape types. Atmospheric pollen data from Gaziantep (2010–2011; urban) and Kilis (2018–2019; agricultural) were analysed using a space-for-time substitution approach to assess land-use effects within comparable ecological settings. Moving from the urban landscape (Gaziantep) to the agricultural landscape (Kilis), total pollen load decreased by 76
The genotype-level compositional stability of essential oil (EO) chemotype expression in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is critical for industrial quality assurance and may also be relevant for preliminary food safety screening, yet remains poorly characterised across the environmental variation encountered in production. This study characterises the environmental modulation of EO yield and chemotype composition in a pre-selected panel of 12 basil genotypes representing four chemotypes (linalool, estragole, citral, and methyl cinnamate) using a three-layer experimental design: (i) ecological variation across three contrasting Turkish locations (Bursa, Eskişehir, Tokat) over two years, (ii) ontogenetic variation across three developmental stages at Bursa, and (iii) seasonal variation between summer and autumn harvests at Tokat (144 unique EO profiles). EO yield was highest at Bursa (0.98 mL·100 g⁻1 dry weight). At Bursa, EO yield increased from pre-flowering to onset of flowering, whereas at Tokat, autumn harvests produced higher yields than summer harvests. Genotype R-10A, representing the estragole chemotype, showed very high genotype-specific compositional stability under the tested ecological conditions (Layer 1 CV = 2.8
Normocalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (NPHPT) is thought to be an early form of hypercalcemic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). However, some studies have shown that the adverse effects on bone and kidney health are similar in both conditions. This is a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective study. Data from centres, including 404 patients with NPHPT and 723 patients with mild PHPT from different regions of Turkey, were included in this study. All laboratory parameters, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and renal ultrasounds were performed locally at each centre. The prevalence of adverse bone and kidney outcomes and metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities were the main outcome measures. Patients with NPHPT had lower calcium and PTH levels. Skeletal outcomes revealed 29
