В статье приведены результаты экспериментальной оценки относительного ГНСС-позиционирования по двухчастотным кодовым и фазовым измерениям смартфона Huawei P40 Pro в статическом, кинематическом режимах и в режиме реального времени. Статические наблюдения выполнены на трех пунктах в открытой местности и двух пунктах с ограниченной видимостью небосвода. Эталонные координаты и кинематическая траектория получены по наблюдениям геодезического ГНСС-приемника Stonex S800A. Качество исходных наблюдений оценивалось по отношению мощности несущей к спектральной плотности мощности шума C/N₀, показателям кодовой многолучевости, полноте и непрерывности фазовых наблюдений. Для кинематических испытаний смартфон и геодезический приемник размещались на общей жесткой платформе; координатные решения синхронизировались и приводились к единой референсной точке.
В статье представлена реализация онлайн-сервиса апостериорной обработки ГНСС-измерений методом Precise Point Positioning с разрешением фазовой неоднозначности (Ambiguity Resolution (PPP-AR)), как первый компонент платформы коллаборативного позиционирования. Сервис обеспечивает высокоточное автоматизированное определение координат методом PPP-AR без привязки к локальной инфраструктуре базовых станций, что позволяет применять его на любой территории, включая районы, не покрытые сетями дифференциальных геодезических станций. В отличие от относительного метода, требующего близко расположенных базовых станций, и самостоятельной реализации PPP-AR, предполагающей высокую квалификацию исполнителя, предлагаемый сервис полностью автоматизирует обработку и обеспечивает субсантиметровую точность без специальной подготовки пользователя. Независимая проверка на 289 пунктах сети IGS за январь 2025 г. показала среднеквадратические отклонения (СКО) от эталонных значений 5,6 / 7,0 / 14,1 мм по компонентам N/E/U при доле фиксированных решений 97,8 %. Натурный эксперимент со смартфоном Huawei P40 Pro на пункте с известными координатами показал СКО от эталонных значений 0,204 / 0,094 / 0,257 м по компонентам E/N/U по результатам обработки пяти 4-часовых сеансов наблюдений. Сервис доступен для тестирования по адресу: www.collab-service.xyz
Abstract—An EIGEN-6C4 model for the Altai-Sayan region and northwestern Mongolia constructed using data from satellite gravimetric missions and the results of ground-based measurements with absolute gravimeters and space geodesy receivers is considered. Using the EIGEN-6C4 geopotential (ETOPO1 relief), within the framework of a homogeneous crust model with the involvement of seismic exploration data on the platform part of the study area, an idea was obtained about the changes in the thickness of the earth’s crust in central Asia for the territory extending from 56° to 46° north latitude and from 80° to 100° east longitude, covering Gorny Altai, Kuznetsk Alatau, Western Sayan and Eastern Sayan, Tuva Basin, Tarbagatai Ridge (Kazakhstan), Mongolian Altai (PRC, Mongolia), Great Lakes Basin and Khangai Ridge (Mongolia). Research has shown that the depth of the Mohorovičić boundary increases from the northwest to the southeast of the territory from 40 to 55 km. For the mountainous regions in the south (Mongolian Altai, Khangai Range), the maximum crustal thickness was 55 km. For intermountain valleys and depressions (Tuva Basin, Big Lakes Basin) the depth of the Moho surface is within 45–47 km. In the north, in the flat part of the territory, the thickness of the crust is from 40 to 43 km. The differences between models constructed using gravimetric and seismic data are considered.
Markers of α2- and β1-adrenergic receptors (AR) were detected immunohistochemically in the liver of db/db mice with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after melatonin treatment. Melatonin (1 mg/kg in 200 μl distilled water) was administered intragastrically from the 8th to the 16th week of life. The comparison groups were intact and placebo-treated db/db mice. Melatonin administration resulted in a significant increase in the relative areas of β1- and α2-AR expression, with a tendency towards an increase in the area ratio, as well as a significant increase in the ratio of β1/α2-AR concentrations due to preferential increase in β1-AR parameters. Melatonin administration apparently reduces sympathetic neuropathy of the liver and promotes the shift of lipid metabolism processes in hepatocytes towards lipolysis activation, which allows us to consider this hormone as a promising component of complex therapy of fatty liver disease.
Monitoring of the stability of technogenic objects is a critical aspect of ensuring safety and preventing emergencies caused by mining and geological processes. The integrated use of various monitoring methods allows obtaining comprehensive information on the dynamics of deformation processes. The complex system of geotechnical monitoring of technogenic objects on the basis of geospatial data was developed, which was tested in the conditions of the "Edelweiss +" open-pit coal mine (Republic of Kazakhstan). The system was based on the step-by-step integration of Earth remote sensing methods, satellite radar interferometry, aerial photography with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), as well as modern instrumental methods - electronic tacheometry and GNSS measurements. The first stage - analysis of archive satellite images to identify areas of significant surface displacements. The second stage is aerial photography using UAV to create detailed 3D models of surface areas with deformations. The third stage includes the creation of a geomechanical monitoring system based on instrumental observation methods in areas with critical changes. The final stage is the creation and updating of a geospatial database that provides continuous monitoring of the object's condition. As a result of testing of the geotechnical monitoring system based on Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X satellite images, surface subsidence of up to 25 mm was detected on the northern side of the "Edelweiss +" open-pit mine. Aerial photography of the open-pit mine allowed us to construct digital 3D models of the terrain, the comparison of which confirmed deformation processes at the +556 m horizon. Instrumental observations using modern geodetic methods clarified the type and dynamics of deformations of the rock mass. Integration of geospatial data in the geotechnical monitoring system ensures prompt detection of deformations, their analysis and forecast, which allows us to minimize the risks of destruction and increase the safety of operation of technogenic objects.
