State University of Gorontalo

The dynamical behaviors of a predator-prey model with fear effect and disease on prey are studied by employing the fractional-order derivative with a power-law kernel as the operator. The proposed model introduces four novel aspects: the impact of fear on a constant recruitment rate, previously unexplored in the literature; reinfection dynamics where infected prey can re-acquire the disease; selective predation by predators on infected prey due to pathogen-induced vulnerability; and the used of Caputo fractional derivative to include the memory effect. A deterministic approach is provided to establish the mathematical model including its validity by showing the existence, uniqueness, non-negativity, and boundedness. Three types of equilibrium points are obtained which represent the extinction of disease and predator, the predator-free, and the co-existence points. The local dynamics are investigated using Matignon's condition and generalized Routh-Hurwitz criterion for the Caputo fractional-order model. The Volterra, quadratic, and linear functions are utilized to construct the Lyapunov function, as well as the LaSalle invariance principle, to show global dynamics. Some phenomena are provided namely forward and Hopf bifurcations to show the change of the dynamics when a parameter is varied. These results are supported by numerical ways using the predictor-corrector scheme.

Chemical contaminants in food remain a persistent global public health concern, necessitating continuous advances in detection and mitigation strategies across the food supply chain. This review critically synthesizes recent advances, with an emphasis on studies published since 2024-2025, while drawing on foundational literature where necessary, to examine the detection, toxicological assessment, and control of chemical food contaminants. Five major contaminant groups are addressed: heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, persistent organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants, including per- and PFAS, nanoplastics, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Recent developments in detection technologies are systematically evaluated, encompassing nanomaterial-based biosensors, advanced spectroscopic and electrochemical platforms, and artificial intelligence-assisted data analysis, with a focus on their potential for rapid, sensitive, and real-time monitoring in complex food matrices. In parallel, emerging mitigation strategies such as probiotic-mediated biodetoxification, bio-based active packaging, and molecularly imprinted polymers for selective toxin removal are critically assessed in terms of efficacy, applicability, and limitations across different stages of food production and processing. Beyond single-contaminant risks, this review examines mixture toxicity arising from co-occurring contaminants, summarizing current evidence on synergistic and additive effects that challenge conventional risk assessment frameworks. Regulatory and governance considerations are discussed from a global perspective, highlighting persistent gaps in harmonized standards, surveillance capacity, and risk assessment implementation, particularly in developing regions. In addition, public perception and consumer acceptance of advanced detection and mitigation technologies are explored, with attention to issues of sustainability, transparency, and trust. Overall, this review identifies critical knowledge gaps, technological bottlenecks, and policy priorities, underscoring the need for multidisciplinary innovation and coordinated regulatory efforts to ensure a safer and more sustainable food supply under evolving chemical contaminant risks.

Urgensi penelitian ini terletak pada kebutuhan akan media pembelajaran inovatif yang interaktif dan kontekstual untuk membantu siswa sekolah dasar memahami konsep pecahan sederhana secara lebih mudah dan bermakna. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh rendahnya pemahaman peserta didik sekolah dasar terhadap konsep pecahan sederhana yang bersifat abstrak, khususnya pada peserta didik kelas rendah. Kondisi tersebut disebabkan oleh keterbatasan penggunaan media pembelajaran konkret dan interaktif dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran PECARIA (Pecahan Ceria dan Interaktif Anak) serta menguji tingkat kelayakan dan kepraktisannya dalam membantu peserta didik memahami konsep pecahan sederhana secara konkret. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi tahap Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation. Penelitian dilaksanakan di SDN 16 Telaga Biru, Kabupaten Gorontalo, pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2025/2026 dengan subjek penelitian berupa 28 peserta didik kelas II dan seorang guru wali kelas. Instrumen pengumpulan data meliputi pedoman wawancara, lembar validasi ahli materi dan ahli media, lembar observasi, serta angket respon guru dan peserta didik. Teknik analisis data dilakukan menggunakan skala Likert untuk menghitung persentase kelayakan dan kepraktisan media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media PECARIA memperoleh skor kelayakan sebesar 97,5% dengan kategori sangat layak, serta skor kepraktisan sebesar 95% dari guru dan 90% dari peserta didik dengan kategori sangat praktis. Dengan demikian, media PECARIA dinyatakan layak dan praktis digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran matematika pada materi pecahan sederhana di kelas II sekolah dasar.

Background: Vocational students often struggle to understand English texts that are complex and not related to their daily lives. In Eastern Indonesia, the lack of culturally relevant materials can reduce engagement and comprehension. Integrating local wisdom into reading materials can bridge this gap by connecting learning with students’ experiences, supported by schema theory and culturally responsive pedagogy. Aims: This study aimed to identify vocational students’ needs for English reading materials incorporating local wisdom in Banggai Laut, Central Sulawesi, and to examine how cultural elements relate to students’ reading challenges, learning needs, and preferences. Methods: This study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a descriptive survey design within a needs analysis framework. The analysis of target needs (lacks, needs, and wants) was informed by Hutchinson and Waters, while learning needs (input, procedures, teacher roles, learner roles, and settings) were based on Nunan. Twenty students from SMK Al-Hajar and SMK Negeri 2 Banggai participated during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data were collected through a 33-item Likert-scale online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using mean scores and percentages to identify dominant response patterns. Results: The findings revealed that students experienced difficulties with complex sentence structures, technical vocabulary, and factual texts lacking cultural relevance. They reported strong needs for vocabulary support, culturally familiar topics, visual aids, and teacher guidance. Students preferred reading materials related to local folktales, coastal life, traditions, and regional history, and favored activities such as independent reading, small-group discussion, summarizing, highlighting keywords, and strategy modeling. Implications: Mapping students’ target and learning needs prior to material development is essential for vocational contexts. Incorporating local wisdom can support more engaging, comprehensible, and contextually relevant English learning aligned with students’ cultural backgrounds.

This study aims to reconstruct the implementation of Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution through the framework of Ordnungspolitik developed by Franz Böhm and Walter Eucken. The study is grounded in the existence of imbalances in the normative, institutional, and functional dimensions of Indonesia’s economic system, which hinder the realization of the principles of solidarity and social justice. This study uses a normative legal methodology with a conceptual and comparative approach to legal thought. The analysis examines the comprehensive text of the amendments to the 1945 Constitution, sectoral regulations (such as the Job Creation Law and the Mining and Energy Law), as well as Constitutional Court rulings related to the economy. Data is analyzed qualitatively to align the principles of the German economic order (Ordoliberalism) with the values of the Indonesian Constitution. The novelty of this study lies in offering a new interpretive model for Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution by positioning the state as the architect of the market order (rather than merely a passive actor or regulator). Its innovation lies in integrating the substantive rule of law of Ordnungspolitik to limit the concentration of private economic power, which often distorts the constitutional mandate. The results show that Ordnungspolitik provides operational instruments for Indonesia to achieve distributive justice through two main channels: (1) strengthening the independence of competition oversight agencies to the level of constitutional institutions, and (2) codifying economic laws that guarantee market access rights for small businesses. This interpretation shifts the paradigm of Article 33 from mere symbolism regarding “cooperatives” to a binding norm that obligates the state to undertake structural interventions to maintain market integrity. The conclusion is that integrating the principles of Ordnungspolitik into the national legal system can serve as a solution to Indonesia’s economic institutional failures. This study recommends restructuring economic public policy to prioritize healthy competition and the protection of social rights as an inseparable legal order.