ABSTRACT Maize (Zea mays L.) is a globally strategic commodity and a critical source of income for millions of smallholder farmers in Indonesia, yet persistent income gaps reflect inefficiencies in production factor utilization. This study aims to: (1) analyze the factors partially and simultaneously affecting net corn farm income in Bukit Aren Village, Pulubala District, Gorontalo Regency; and (2) assess the income level and financial feasibility of corn farming in the study area. A quantitative approach with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) multiple linear regression was applied to 42 respondents selected proportionally from 35 farmer groups using the Slovin formula (margin of error = 15%). Complete classical assumption tests normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), heteroscedasticity (Scatterplot), autocorrelation (Durbin-Watson), and multicollinearity (VIF) were conducted to validate the OLS estimators. Financial feasibility was assessed using the Revenue-to-Cost (R/C) ratio. Results show that simultaneously, production volume, labor costs, fertilizer costs, and pesticide costs significantly affect net income (F = 14.828; p = 0.000). Partially, only labor costs exhibit a significant positive effect (β = 0.472; p = 0.000), while production volume (p = 0.717), fertilizer costs (p = 0.339), and pesticide costs (p = 0.477) were not significant. The coefficient of determination (R² = 0.616) indicates that 61.6% of income variation is explained by the model. The R/C ratio of 6.7 confirms highly profitable farming, with average productivity of 9.57 tons/ha far exceeding the national average of 5.5–5.7 tons/ha. These findings underscore labor force optimization through mechanization and site-specific balanced fertilization as priority interventions for improving smallholder welfare in Pulubala District Keywords: Corn Farming Income; Financial Feasibility; Labor Costs; Multiple Linear Regression; Production Factors; R/C Ratio ABSTRAK Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan komoditas strategis di tingkat global dan nasional serta sumber pendapatan bagi jutaan petani skala kecil di Indonesia, namun kesenjangan pendapatan yang persisten mencerminkan inefisiensi dalam penggunaan faktor produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara parsial dan simultan terhadap pendapatan bersih usahatani jagung di Desa Bukit Aren, Kecamatan Pulubala, Kabupaten Gorontalo; dan (2) menilai tingkat pendapatan serta kelayakan finansial usahatani jagung di wilayah tersebut. Pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi linear berganda Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) diterapkan pada 42 responden yang dipilih secara proporsional dari 35 kelompok tani menggunakan rumus Slovin (margin of error = 15%). Uji asumsi klasik lengkap normalitas (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), heteroskedastisitas (Scatterplot), autokorelasi (Durbin-Watson), dan multikolinearitas (VIF) dilakukan untuk memvalidasi estimator OLS. Kelayakan finansial dinilai menggunakan rasio Revenue-to-Cost (R/C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan, jumlah produksi, biaya tenaga kerja, biaya pupuk, dan biaya pestisida berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pendapatan bersih (F = 14,828; p = 0,000). Secara parsial, hanya biaya tenaga kerja yang menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan positif (β = 0,472; p = 0,000), sedangkan jumlah produksi (p = 0,717), biaya pupuk (p = 0,339), dan biaya pestisida (p = 0,477) tidak signifikan. Koefisien determinasi (R² = 0,616) mengindikasikan bahwa 61,6% variasi pendapatan dapat dijelaskan oleh model. Nilai R/C ratio sebesar 6,7 mengonfirmasi usahatani yang sangat menguntungkan, dengan produktivitas rata-rata 9,57 ton/ha yang jauh melampaui rata-rata nasional 5,5–5,7 ton/ha. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa optimalisasi tenaga kerja melalui mekanisasi dan pemupukan berimbang berbasis lokasi spesifik merupakan intervensi prioritas untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani skala kecil di Kecamatan Pulubala. Kata Kunci: Biaya Tenaga Kerja; Faktor Produksi; Kelayakan Finansial; Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung; R/C Ratio; Regresi Linear Berganda
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are an important of the innate immune system that functions to protect the body from pathogens. However, when their formation and clearance processes are disrupted, NETs can contribute to the development of various autoimmune diseases, including rare conditions. Therefore, this study aims to describe the immunopathological role of NETs in rare autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases through a scoping review approach. A literature search was conducted in the Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From a total of 525 identified articles, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria after the selection process and were analyzed further. The results show that the role of NETs can be classified into three main mechanisms. First, enhanced NET formation (enhanced NETosis), triggers the release of autoantigens and the formation of immune complexes. Second, impaired clearance, leads to the accumulation of NETs and prolongs the inflammatory process. Third, the interaction of NETs with other immune system components, including the complement system, which further amplifying the inflammatory response. These three mechanisms are interconnected and form a continuous inflammatory cycle, contributing to tissue damage in rare autoimmune diseases. These findings indicate that NETs represent a potential target for the development of more specific therapies in the future.
Dermatitis merupakan salah satu penyakit kulit yang sering terjadi pada anak dan ditandai dengan peradangan pada kulit yang dapat menimbulkan keluhan gatal, kemerahan, serta gangguan kenyamanan. Kejadian dermatitis pada anak dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, di antaranya Personal Hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan. Methods: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 60 responden yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner dan lembar observasi. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Results: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara Personal Hygiene dengan kejadian dermatitis pada anak dengan nilai P-value = 0,006,sanitasi lingkungan dengan nilai P-value = 0,003 dengan kejadian dermatitis pada anak. Discussion: Personal Hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan merupakan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian dermatitis pada anak, sehingga upaya promotif dan preventif terkait kebersihan diri dan sanitasi lingkungan perlu ditingkatkan untuk menurunkan risiko dermatitis pada anak.
This study aims to determine the relationship between self-compassion and loneliness among widows in Molingkapoto Selatan Village. This study employed a quantitative approach with a correlational design. The research subjects consisted of 40 widows whose spouses had died, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using the Self-Compassion Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, while data analysis was conducted using the Pearson Product-Moment correlation. The results showed a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and loneliness, with a correlation coefficient of r = -0.456 and a significance value of p = 0.003 < 0.05. These findings indicate that the higher the level of self-compassion among widows whose spouses had died, the lower their level of loneliness. Conversely, lower self-compassion was associated with higher loneliness. Therefore, the research hypothesis was accepted, indicating a significant negative relationship between self-compassion and loneliness among widows in Molingkapoto Selatan Village.
Digital transformation encourages higher education institutions to provide academic services that are fast and easily accessible. However, services that still rely on manual communication can cause delays in information delivery, creating a need for the utilization of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the efficiency of academic services. This research was conducted at the Computer Science Study Program, Faculty of Science and Computer Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gorontalo, with the aim of developing an AI-based intelligent virtual assistant for academic services. The current academic service process still relies on manual communication through administrative staff, which often results in delays in information delivery and limited service hours for students. In addition, students require a system capable of providing academic information quickly, consistently, and at any time. The research method employed a system development approach consisting of problem identification, literature review, requirements analysis, system design, implementation, and system testing. The dataset was obtained through questionnaires distributed to students and used as training data consisting of questions, answers, and intent labels. The classification process involved text preprocessing, tokenization, Naïve Bayes probability calculation, and Laplace Smoothing. The system was integrated with the Fonnte WhatsApp Gateway, Ngrok, and CodeIgniter and Node.js backends to support real-time communication. The developed system uses the Naïve Bayes algorithm to classify student inquiries based on academic service intents. The results demonstrate that the AI-based intelligent virtual assistant can automatically respond to student inquiries regarding KRS, examinations, administrative services, and lecturer information. The system can improve academic service efficiency, reduce the workload of administrative staff, and provide students with convenient real-time access to academic information through WhatsApp.
