Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University

Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults, and patient prognosis remains poor despite advances in standard therapeutic strategies. A major challenge in glioblastoma treatment is the tumor’s pronounced resistance to therapy, driven by extensive cellular heterogeneity, rapid adaptation, and activation of multiple survival pathways. These limitations have prompted growing interest in alternative and complementary approaches, including the investigation of plant-derived compounds with cytotoxic potential. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search of six academic databases was conducted up to August 2024 using predefined keywords. The initial search retrieved 1,122 records, of which 59 studies met the inclusion criteria after screening and eligibility assessment. This review focuses on in vitro studies evaluating the cytotoxic effects of South American medicinal plant extracts and isolated compounds on glioblastoma cell lines. The included studies demonstrated substantial methodological heterogeneity with respect to plant species and parts used, extraction methods, glioblastoma cell lines, treatment concentrations and exposure times, and outcome measures. Despite these differences, numerous plant-derived compounds exhibited antiglioblastoma activity, reducing cell viability and inducing cell death through multiple mechanisms, including apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and necroptosis. Overall, the findings highlight South American medicinal plants as a rich source of bioactive compounds with antiglioblastoma activity in preclinical models. While the evidence remains limited to in vitro systems, these results provide a rationale for further mechanistic studies, standardized experimental approaches, and in vivo investigations to assess bioavailability, safety, and therapeutic relevance, supporting the potential development of novel strategies for glioblastoma treatment.

This article examines Semesta (2020), a documentary directed by Chairun Nissa that explores the relationship between seven ecological initiatives and religious commitments in Indonesia. The study is significant because the film's structure integrates diverse eco-theologies into a coherent sensory narrative. Through cross-modal coding-based visual analysis, the study reveals mechanisms of associative identity, doctrinal condensation, and montage rhythm that generate ecological intelligibility-a condition in which religion is understood as ecological ethics through sensory perception. These findings contribute to anthropological cinema by demonstrating how visual-verbal configurations transform normative knowledge into embodied experience.

This research examines how @kuwait.wiyakum's Instagram account represents Kuwait's solidarity with Palestine through visual elements and semiotic analysis of symbols, icons, and colors. Using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory, 117 posts were analyzed qualitatively. Findings reveal that @kuwait.wiyakum uses Arabic cultural identity elements-Keffiyah illustrations, Arabic Kufi font, and a golden yellow background-as consistent visual branding. These elements build awareness and involvement, inspire national identity maintenance, and foster strong aqidah and belief in the fight for independence. These insights can guide content creators in shaping public opinion and international solidarity messages and prompt further research on new media's impact on audience interpretation of solidarity messages.

Radwa Ashour is an Arab writer best known for her novel The Granada Trilogy (Thulathiyah Gharnatah) comprising Gharnatah (Granada), Mariama and Ar-Rahil (Departure) which centres on the theme of the collapse of Islam in Granada. This trilogy serves not only as a work of fiction, but also as a medium for studying history, exploring the relationship between literary texts and the historical facts. The aim of this research is to reveal the relationship between literary texts and history, as well as to uncover the historical construction of the collapse of Islam in Granada through novels. Employing a New Historicist approach, this research focuses on the dynamic interaction between literary narratives and historical discourse, demonstrating how history is interpreted and reimagined through fiction. The results reveal that Ashour blends factual and imaginative elements to reconstruct the historical context of Granada's Fall. Identity conflict also appears as a central theme explored through the characters in this novel. Besides that, Ashour incorporates intertextuality in Thulathiyah Gharnatah, namely from the works of Amin Maalouf and Mahmoud Darwish, using them as analogies for a lost paradise. Her personal experiences, particularly in relation to Middle Eastern conflicts, also influence the narrative. A key aspect of the novel is its gender representation, which contrasts Islamic and Christian perspectives. Islam upholds the equality of men and women, while Christianity is depicted as a treating Muslim Women unjustly. Thus, Thulathiyah Gharnatah functions not only as a narrative of the fall of Islam in Granada, but also as a profound reflection on identity, power and society relations and gender.

Substantive justice in corruption cases can only be achieved if judges dare to redefine themselves as reflective and transformative actors. This study aims to analyse and formulate a reimagining of the judge’s role in achieving substantive justice in corruption cases in Indonesia. This study employs a juridical-normative approach, enriched by a socio-legal perspective, within an exploratory-analytical qualitative research design. The findings unequivocally challenge the judicial orthodoxy that positions judges merely as enforcers of norms, by asserting that in corruption cases, a rigidly neutral stance risks reproducing structural injustice. Thus, the reconstruction of the judge’s role as an architect of substantive justice is no longer an option, but a normative and ethical imperative. This study offers a novel approach through a critical synthesis of judicial independence, legal politics, and a sentencing paradigm that positions judges as reflective actors who dare to interpret the law progressively while remaining accountable, thereby simultaneously integrating deterrence, the recovery of state losses, and social justice. The implications call for fundamental reform of the penal system, the strengthening of protections for judicial independence against the pressures of populism and power, and a transformation of legal education that is no longer merely legalistic.