ABSTRACT The Mountains of Central Asia constitute one of the world's most vulnerable yet least protected biodiversity hotspots. While considerable research has addressed grasslands and forests, arable lands in this region—particularly within the Central Tian‐Shan mountains of Kyrgyzstan—remain poorly studied despite their high floristic richness and conservation potential. To address this gap, we conducted systematic vegetation surveys across Kyrgyz croplands to establish the first comprehensive baseline inventory of the segetal flora. Our study aimed to characterise cropland flora composition, examine regional variation across different biogeographical contexts, and assess how species distribution ranges and adjacent habitats shape floristic patterns. Plant composition was primarily determined by proximity to mountain slopes and the influence of regional species pools, whereas species richness was more strongly linked to the structure of edges between fields. They consistently supported higher species richness than field centres, reflecting reduced disturbance, spillover from adjacent fields and local ecological factors such as crop diversity and habitat quality. Across study areas, total species richness increased with proximity to slopes due to the influx of taxa from outside arable fields, many of which were subendemic. These slope‐adjacent cropland areas, defined as external ecotones, therefore represent critical zones for biodiversity management, particularly in narrow valleys. A combination of various dispersal vectors and disturbance‐driven niche creation facilitates the establishment of rare species within farmland. Climate change, interacting with orography and agricultural practices, is expected to intensify these processes, underscoring the role of high‐mountain croplands as vital refugia within a trans‐landscape conservation framework that integrates natural and agricultural systems.
this article analyzes the political activities of Jusup Abdrakhmanov, a prominent statesman and prime minister of Kyrgyzstan, according to documents in the archives of Russia and Kazakhstan. In Kazakhstan, Jusup Abdrakhmanov has held senior positions as executive secretary of district and city committees in Kazakhstan, and as an instructor in the national group in the organizational and divisional department of the Central Committee, which is the most powerful body in Moscow. Jusup Abdrakhmanov was one of the leading statesmen of the Union scale in 1920-1930. Jusup Abdrakhmanov lives in the consciousness of the Kyrgyz people as the founder of the Kyrgyz statehood and the best statesman of the nation.
The aim of this article is to examine educational technologies that positively influence the development of critical and creative thinking among students in higher education institutions. The study explores the potential of using modern digital tools to enhance students’ cognitive skills and foster a new approach to learning focused on practical tasks and innovative methods. The methodology involved an experiment conducted with 60 fourth-year students at Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabaev. The experiment employed pedagogical technologies, including the flipped classroom model, the Case method and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. These approaches enabled students to actively engage with the material, develop cognitive abilities, and deepen their understanding of the educational process. The study’s primary findings indicate that the use of educational robots significantly enhances students’ levels of critical and creative thinking. During the experiment, students who worked with robots demonstrated superior performance in areas such as solving complex problems, improving programming skills and developing algorithmic thinking. The increased effectiveness of the educational process is attributed to the interactive and practice-oriented nature of robotics, which enables students to not only acquire theoretical knowledge but also apply it in practical contexts. Furthermore, participation in such processes fosters the development of additional skills, including teamwork, rapid decision-making and adaptability to changing conditions. A notable feature of using digital technologies in education is the substantial motivation they inspire in students. This is evidenced by their heightened activity, greater engagement with the subject, and improved performance in task completion, which collectively contribute to better assimilation of the material. The results of the study confirm that integrating educational robots into the learning process can significantly enhance the development of critical and creative thinking among students.
In a scientific article to reveal from new perspectives and research one of the events that left a significant mark on the history of Central Asia - the battle that took place near the city of Atlakha on the Talas River in 751. The city of Atlakh, one of the largest cities on the Great Silk Road in the Middle Ages, is currently located in the village of Joon-Tobe, Manas district, Talas region of Kyrgyzstan. Therefore, this historical event is not only for Kyrgyzstan, it is known that it left a deep mark in Central and Inner Asia, Siberia and Altai as a whole. Therefore, the analysis was carried out on the basis of some sources in order to clarify the historical position in the article. The history and interpretation of the runic stone monument in the area where the Battle of Atlach took place was further researched and supplemented in the article.
This study aims to identify the main factors that influenced the development of Kyrgyz society, further political and cultural processes in the region, in particular the colonialism of the Russian Empire and internal social transformations. One of the central aspects of the study is the transition of the Kyrgyz population from the traditional nomadic way of life to semi-nomadic and sedentary. This transition was caused by the need to adapt to new economic conditions associated with the introduction of new economic relations and the increasing number of Russian migrants. Simplification of traditional forms of economy and introduction of new technologies contributed to the change in the way of life of the local population. The process of consolidation of the Kyrgyz society associated with the struggle against the repressive policy of the Kokand Khanate and its subsequent overthrow is highlighted. The reasons why Kyrgyzstan, first in the north and soon in the south, came under the rule of the Russian Empire are explained; the relations of the Kyrgyz with the neighbouring empires-Qin, British and Russian-are considered separately. The significance of cultural changes that took place in the region under the influence of numerous migration flows from the densely populated provinces of the central part of the Russian Empire, and how these changes affected cultural and economic activities in the region, was also explained. The study examines the impact of the First World War and the revolutionary events of 1917 on the political and social situation in the region, which contributed to further strengthening of national liberation movements and political instability.
