Tarumanagara University

The growing demand for sustainable pavement materials has intensified the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) to reduce consumption of virgin aggregates and petroleum-based binders. However, oxidative aging of RAP binders leads to excessive stiffness, reduced elasticity, and increased susceptibility to cracking, limiting its broader application. This study evaluates the effectiveness of sugarcane bagasse-derived bioasphalt as a bio-based rejuvenator to restore and enhance the rheological performance of aged asphalt binders. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) tests were conducted under original, short-term aging (RTFOT), and long-term aging (PAV) conditions to assess complex modulus (G*) and phase angle (delta). The results demonstrate that the incorporation of bio-asphalt improves viscoelastic balance by reducing phase angle and stabilizing stiffness across a wide temperature range. Compared with virgin asphalt, the rejuvenated binder exhibited enhanced resistance to permanent deformation at medium to high service temperatures and improved durability against aging-induced hardening. These findings confirm that sugarcane bagasse bio-asphalt is a promising sustainable rejuvenator capable of restoring aged binder properties, mitigating aging effects, and supporting environmentally responsible pavement technologies.

The formulation of construction material unit price policies in areas with limited accessibility is a critical issue in ensuring effective and accountable government infrastructure planning. In such regions, construction costs are often highly volatile and difficult to predict, primarily due to transportation constraints, logistical inefficiencies, and geographical challenges. These conditions frequently result in budget overruns and inconsistencies between planned and actual project expenditures. Therefore, a rational and context-sensitive policy framework is required to support accurate cost estimation and sustainable infrastructure development. This study aims to develop a policy-oriented model for determining construction material unit prices in areas with limited accessibility based on influencing factors. A quantitative research approach was employed through a questionnaire survey involving 235 respondents, consisting of contractors, government representatives, consultants, and academics with experience in infrastructure development in remote or access-constrained regions. The collected data were analysed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to identify and validate the dominant factors affecting construction material unit prices. The results of the PLS-SEM analysis identified 33 influential factors that significantly contribute to the unpredictability of construction material unit prices in limited-accessibility areas. These factors encompass logistical costs, material price dynamics, government policies, geographical conditions, and local cultural aspects. The proposed model demonstrates that government policy plays a central role, both directly and indirectly through local cultural mediation, in influencing project performance and cost reliability. The findings of this study provide a structured and empirically grounded framework that can be utilized by local governments as a policy reference in establishing construction material unit prices for remote and access-constrained areas. By incorporating the identified influencing factors into unit price formulation, cost prediction accuracy can be improved, thereby supporting more effective budget allocation and ensuring that infrastructure quality is maintained without compromise due to unanticipated cost escalation. These improvements contribute to more sustainable infrastructure development by enhancing resource efficiency, minimizing cost overruns, and supporting equitable infrastructure provision in remote areas.

BACKGROUND:Infraorbital herniated fat pads ("eyebags") are a frequent aesthetic concern. Surgical blepharoplasty remains the gold standard but is associated with downtime and potential complications. Fat apoptosis (FA) injection therapy is a novel, minimally invasive approach that selectively induces adipocyte apoptosis, leading to volume reduction without surgical intervention. OBJECTIVE:To describe the feasibility and short-term outcomes of FA injection therapy for infraorbital herniated fat pads in a small observational case series. METHODS:This was an observational case series of 7 patients with infraorbital herniation who underwent FA injection therapy. The FA solution was prepared by combining ascorbic acid and ferrous gluconate in a 1:9 ratio. Injections were administered using a 30- to 32-gauge needle at 3 sites per infraorbital region (0.1-0.2 mL per site). Patients received 1 to 3 treatment sessions at 7- to 14-day intervals, depending on baseline severity and clinical response. Outcomes were evaluated using standardized photographs, physician assessment of contour improvement, patient-reported satisfaction, and documentation of adverse events. Follow-up in this series was short-term (maximum 2-3 wk), and no blinded photographic assessment or validated patient-reported outcome measure was used. RESULTS:All patients demonstrated visible improvement in infraorbital contour. Early changes were observed within 24 to 72 hours postinjection, with progressive refinement over 2 to 3 weeks. Four patients with mild-to-moderate herniation achieved near-complete correction after 1 to 2 sessions. Three patients with severe herniation required up to 3 sessions and showed substantial, though partial, improvement. Adverse events were limited to transient erythema, edema, and tenderness in 7 patients, resolving spontaneously within 72 hours. No necrosis, ulceration, pigmentary alteration, or systemic complications were reported. Patient satisfaction was high, with 5 patients (71%) rating their results as "very satisfactory" and 2 (29%) as "satisfactory." CONCLUSION:In this small case series with short-term follow-up, FA injection therapy was feasible and well tolerated and was associated with visible short-term improvement in infraorbital contour. These findings are hypothesis-generating; larger controlled studies with validated outcome instruments (eg, FACE-Q) and longer safety follow-up are required before definitive conclusions regarding efficacy, durability, and late complications can be drawn.

The rapid expansion of tourism in Bali and Lombok has precipitated a state of overtourism, critically challenging their ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacities. This study, conducted between 2023 and 2024, employs a qualitative case study approach to investigate the manifestations of overtourism and the efficacy of prevailing mitigation strategies. Data were collected through 32 in-depth interviews, four focus group discussions, and extensive field observations across key destinations in both islands. The findings reveal that overtourism is not merely a function of high visitor numbers but a symptom of systemic governance failure. Key manifestations include acute environmental degradation, the commodification of cultural heritage, and significant economic leakage that marginalizes local communities. These issues are exacerbated by fragmented policy, weak regulatory enforcement, and the exclusion of local voices from tourism planning. The study concludes that technical solutions such as visitor quotas are insufficient without a fundamental governance paradigm shift. Effective mitigation requires an integrated approach centered on strict carrying capacity enforcement, genuine community empowerment through Community-Based Tourism (CBT), and the strategic use of digital tools for visitor dispersion. This research provides an empirically grounded framework that underscores the imperative of a fundamental governance paradigm shift, aligning tourism development in island destinations with the principles of sustainability and equity.

The ability of Generative Artificial Intelligence to create realistic images, audio, and text has already been very strong, but these possibilities cause doubts about how they will be used, adversarial, or whether they will be trusted. In this paper, a GenAI model enhanced with security measures will be demonstrated to guarantee the generation of safe and policyright content and responsible multimodal content. The model combines proactive risk evaluation, context-sensitive intent analysis, safe latent representation learning and with controlled generation systems in all modalities. Besides that, provenance and watermarking are embedded functions that ensure they facilitate traceability and misuse attribution without influencing the flexibility of generative. As opposed to traditional postgeneration moderation measures, the offered model adheres to the security -by-design paradigm which inherently introduces stability across the generative pipeline. Experimental analysis shows that the framework achieves a Safety Compliance Rate of 0.97, Harmful Content Rejection Rate of 0.95, and Adversarial Robustness Score of 0.92, and also gives it a Multimodal Consistency Index of 0.98 and Provenance Verification Accuracy of 0.91, which indicates it is highly suitable in delivering secure and trustful multimodal generation.