Teerthanker Mahaveer University is the best private university located in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is a Jain Minority State Private University established by Act No. 30 of 2008 of the Government of Uttar Pradesh and has been approved by University Grants Commission (UGC) under Section 2(f) of UGC Act, 1956. The university is located on National Highway-24 and is barely 144 km from the national capital, New Delhi.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by relapsing mucosal inflammation, epithelial barrier dysfunction and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Although conventional therapies, including corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, and biologics, remain central to disease management, their clinical utility is often limited by systemic toxicity, variable patient response and high relapse rates. In recent years, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising strategy to overcome these limitations by enabling targeted drug delivery, enhanced mucosal penetration and controlled release within inflamed colonic tissues. Beyond improving pharmacokinetics and local drug accumulation, emerging evidence suggests that nanoparticle-based therapies exert indirect yet significant effects on post-treatment gut microbiota composition. By attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing excessive immune activation and restoring epithelial barrier integrity, nanotherapeutic platforms contribute to the re-establishment of microbial homeostasis, which is increasingly recognized as a critical determinant of sustained remission in UC. This review provides a comprehensive overview of UC pathophysiology, with emphasis on gut microbiota dysregulation and recent advances in nanoparticle-based therapeutic approaches, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles, nanogels, nanozymes and biomimetic delivery systems. We further critically analyze the advantages and limitations of major nanocarrier platforms and highlight emerging microbiota-modulating nanomedicine strategies that integrate immunoregulation with microbial restoration.
This study investigates the impact of carbon emissions, real oil prices, income inequality, economic growth, and trade openness on renewable energy consumption (REC) in twenty-three (23) OECD economies. The study employs the Westerlund panel cointegration technique to verify the existence of long-run equilibrium and the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator to assess the long-run relationship between the variables, which allows for slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency. Moreover, the panel causality test of Dumitrescu and Hurlin (DH) is utilized to gauge the causal relationship between the variables. The findings of our study reveal that REC is positively related to economic growth, real oil prices, income inequality, and trade openness, but negatively related to CO2 emissions in OECD countries. In addition, there is one-way causality from GDP per capita to renewable energy consumption and a bidirectional causality between income inequality and REC. Furthermore, the results indicate that OECD policymakers and governments should regard foreign trade as a “clean energy fostering mechanism” while developing energy demand policies that are environmentally friendly.
The purpose of the current novel study is to develop dual-coated multi-particulates with a combination of time-dependent inner and pH-dependent outer coating layers to control the release of the entrapped drug from the ascending colon onwards. Ibuprofen-loaded pellets prepared via powder layering technology were coated initially with time-dependent hydroxypropyl cellulose and ethyl cellulose-based inner polymeric layers and afterwards with the Eudragit L100 and Eudragit S100-based outer pH-dependent coating layers and evaluated. The best double-coated batch showed nominal in vitro release of 6.163 ± 0.23
Zinc is an essential trace element, but excessive exposure can disrupt copper metabolism and lead to clinically significant hematologic abnormalities. This systematic review aimed to synthesize published evidence on zinc-induced hematologic toxicities. Literature search was performed in PubMed and Scopus to identify descriptive studies reporting zinc-induced hematologic toxicity in humans. Eligible studies described anemia, neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia, or bone marrow suppression attributed to zinc exposure. Data on patient demographics, zinc source and dose, duration of exposure, laboratory and bone marrow findings, treatment strategies, and outcomes were extracted. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Thirty-four publications describing 37 individual cases were included, spanning from 1972 to 2025. Zinc exposure most commonly resulted from oral supplements, denture adhesive creams, and coin ingestion, with reported daily elemental zinc doses ranging from approximately 50 mg to more than 1500 mg and exposure durations ranging from weeks to years. Anemia was present in nearly all cases, most often accompanied by neutropenia and leukopenia, with pancytopenia occurring in cases of severe or prolonged exposure. Serum copper levels were reduced in all patients. Bone marrow examination frequently revealed vacuolated hematopoietic precursors and ring sideroblasts, leading to frequent initial misdiagnosis as myelodysplastic syndrome. Discontinuation of zinc exposure with copper supplementation resulted in hematologic recovery in the majority of cases, typically within weeks to months, while neurological manifestations improved more slowly and were sometimes incomplete. Zinc-induced hematologic toxicity is an uncommon but underrecognized and largely reversible condition. Excessive zinc exposure should be considered in patients presenting with unexplained anemia and cytopenias. Routine assessment of zinc exposure and copper status can prevent misdiagnosis, support timely treatment, and decrease the risk of persistent neurological complications.
This study developed and evaluated fast-release tablets of Linezolid to achieve rapid disintegration, enhanced dissolution, and improved therapeutic outcomes. Linezolid, an oxazolidinone antibiotic prescribed for multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections, exhibits a slow onset of action in conventional dosage forms. Fast-release tablets were prepared using wet granulation with superdisintegrants Kyron T-314 and Kyron T-316 in varying ratios (KP1–KP8). They evaluated tablet weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, wetting time, disintegration time, drug content, and in vitro drug release studies. FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) analyses indicated no significant drug-excipient incompatibilities and revealed partial conversion of Linezolid to an amorphous form, facilitating faster dissolution. The optimized formulation (KP8) showed rapid disintegration (41.3 ± 1.2 s), high drug content (99.5 ± 0.8
