Vivekananda Global University

The persistence of pathogenic bacteria, rising antibiotic resistance, and the ongoing need for effective anticancer agents necessitate the development of advanced multifunctional therapeutic strategies. In this study, CeF₃ nanoparticles and PF127-functionalized CeF₃ (CeF₃–PF127) nanocomposites were synthesized via a facile wet chemical route and systematically characterized for their structural, optical, and biological properties. XRD confirmed the formation of phase-pure hexagonal CeF₃ with crystallite sizes of 31 nm (CeF₃) and 27 nm (CeF₃–PF127), while SAED revealed lattice fringes of approximately 0.27 nm (CeF₃) and 0.29 nm (CeF₃–PF127). EDAX and XPS validated the Ce/F stoichiometry and the successful surface functionalization with PF127. Optical analyses showed a slight reduction in band gap from 3.15 to 3.09 eV upon polymer coating, and PL spectra indicated enhanced defect-related emission in CeF₃–PF127, suggesting stabilization of Ce3⁺ ions and oxygen vacancy sites. Biological evaluations demonstrated that CeF₃–PF127 exhibited superior antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) and enhanced anticancer efficacy against MG-63 osteosarcoma cells, with lower IC₅₀ values over 24–72 h. Antibacterial studies against S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae, and S. dysenteriae revealed larger inhibition zones (18–20.5 mm) and improved MIC/MBC values (600/1000 µg·mL−1) compared to bare CeF₃. Biocompatibility assessment using L929 fibroblasts confirmed cell viability exceeding 80

Co-precipitation-synthesized multifunctional nanoparticles offer a sustainable strategy for advanced cancer therapy by enabling targeted action, reducing side effects, and improving therapeutic efficacy while maintaining biocompatibility. In this study, curcumin, barium, and cobalt-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles (TiO₂BaCoCur) were synthesized via a co-precipitation route and evaluated for antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. X-ray diffraction confirmed the anatase phase of TiO₂ along with cubic Ba–Co phases and crystalline curcumin. FTIR and XPS analyses verified the presence and bonding states of Ti, Ba, Co, C, and O, confirming successful doping and surface functionalization. UV–Vis absorption studies revealed a reduced band gap of 3.3 eV, while photoluminescence analysis indicated enhanced surface defects and trap states that can promote reactive oxygen species generation. SEM and TEM analyses showed near-spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 45 nm. TiO₂BaCoCur exhibited strong antifungal activity against C. albicans and effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, B. megaterium, P. aeruginosa, P. vulgaris, and V. cholerae. The nanoparticles demonstrated significant cytotoxicity toward HCT-116 colon cancer cells with an IC₅₀ of 10 µg/mL, while showing negligible toxicity toward L929 fibroblast cells, indicating excellent biocompatibility. An XGBoost-based machine learning model established clear structure–activity relationships, identifying particle size and band gap as key determinants of bioactivity. The strong agreement between experimental and predicted results highlights the potential of this integrated experimental and ML approach for accelerating the design of TiO₂-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications.

Liver cancer and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose significant health challenges, highlighting the urgent need for multifunctional therapeutics. In this study, a TiO₂ nanocomposite co-doped with strontium (Sr) and cobalt (Co) and surface-functionalized with folic acid (TiO₂SrCoFA) nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal method followed by post-synthesis FA functionalization. XRD confirmed the anatase phase, with reduced crystallite size for TiO₂SrCoFA, while TEM showed spherical, uniformly dispersed nanoparticles ( 23 nm) with no agglomeration. DLS revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 138.6 nm, and XPS/FTIR confirmed Sr, Co, and FA incorporation. Optical studies (UV-Vis and PL) indicated electronic modifications conducive to ROS generation. TiO₂SrCoFA exhibited enhanced antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium), Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris), and Candida albicans. Antioxidant assays demonstrated concentration-dependent scavenging (28–83

TiO₂ NPs co-doped with barium (Ba) and cobalt (Co) (TiO₂BaCo NPs) were synthesized and characterized for structural, optical, and biological properties. XRD confirmed the preservation of the anatase TiO₂ structure, with Ba and Co primarily incorporated into the lattice and minor surface oxides detected. FTIR analysis revealed surface hydroxyl groups, metal–oxygen bonds, and residual organic moieties, while TEM showed nearly spherical NPs with an average diameter of 38 nm. DLS indicated a hydrodynamic size of 105.5 nm and moderate polydispersity. UV–Vis spectra displayed red-shifted absorption peaks (265, 493, 665 nm) compared to TiO₂, and photoluminescence analysis revealed multiple emissions (369–528 nm) linked to surface defects and oxygen vacancies, indicating enhanced charge separation and surface reactivity. TiO₂BaCo NPs exhibited broad-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, with inhibition zones exceeding 12 mm, and dose-dependent antioxidant activity up to 82.5

This article explores a Fredholm-type integral equation featuring an incomplete N-function in its kernel, with implications for solving real-world problems representing diverse physical phenomena. Employing fractional calculus and Mellin transform principles, we address an integral problem involving the incomplete N-function. The Mellin transform and fractional calculus are subsequently applied to analyze an integral equation using the incomplete N-function. Various significant exceptional cases have been identified and scrutinized. The general insights from this article may lead to the formulation of new integral equations and solutions, contributing to the resolution of practical challenges. (c) 2026 L&H Scientific Publishing, LLC. All rights reserved.