Prunings of the Suzygium cumini tree were used to produce activated carbon, which was used in a chemical dye adsorption experiment. The characterization analyses of the biomass revealed the following experimental data: moisture 6
This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of large language models (LLMs)-ChatGPT 5.0 (OpenAI) and Gemini Flash 2.0 (Google Inc.)-in detecting periapical lesions on periapical radiographs using a standardized multimodal prompt. Seventy-five anonymized periapical radiographs of anterior teeth from the maxilla and mandible were analyzed, evenly distributed between cases with and without lesions. A calibrated endodontic specialist provided the reference diagnosis. Each image was independently assessed five times by both LLMs using the prompt: "Does this image show a periapical lesion? Answer 'Yes' or 'No'. If 'Yes', which tooth?". Balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) obtained via bootstrap resampling. Performance was also stratified by diagnostic difficulty, and the models were compared using the exact McNemar test (α = 0.05). ChatGPT 5.0 showed higher overall performance than Gemini Flash 2.0, with sensitivity of 0.97 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99), specificity of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.07-0.16), and balanced accuracy of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.52-0.57). Gemini Flash 2.0 achieved sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.79-0.89), specificity of 0.11 (95% CI: 0.07-0.16), and balanced accuracy of 0.48 (95% CI: 0.44-0.51). Both models showed high false-positive rates and frequent errors in tooth localization. The McNemar test confirmed a significant difference between models (p < 0.05), favoring ChatGPT 5.0. Both LLMs demonstrated high sensitivity but poor specificity, resulting in intermediate diagnostic performance and a bias toward positive classifications. General-purpose LLMs are therefore not yet suitable for radiographic diagnostic use.
To evaluate the combination of composites, adhesive systems, and burs considering artificial accelerated aging (AAA), influence enamel roughness and morphology after attachment removal. One hundred ninety-two bovine enamel specimens were divided according to composite type (Transbond XT, flowable, bulk-fill flowable), adhesive system (Single Bond Universal or Transbond XT primer), and bur for attachment removal (multilaminated carbide or zirconia). Half of the samples were stored for 24 h at 37°C and the other half underwent 300 h of AAA. Surface roughness was measured using confocal laser scanning microscopy before and after attachment removal. Data were analyzed using three-way anova with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Significant differences in enamel roughness were observed according to composite type, adhesive system, and bur used. Multilaminated bur produced higher surface roughness compared to zirconia bur. Transbond composite, particularly when combined with orthodontic adhesive, exhibited greater enamel alteration after AAA. None of the protocols fully restored enamel surface to its original smoothness. Attachment removal inevitably alters enamel morphology, regardless of the materials used. Composite, adhesive, and bur's choice, as well as proper finishing and polishing, is essential to minimize enamel damage after clear aligner treatment.
This study evaluated the effect of different light-curing units on the conversion degree of resin materials used for luting glass fiber posts and the bond strength to root dentin. One hundred bovine roots received endodontic treatment and were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 10) according to the luting material: RelyX U200 (self-adhesive resin cement), RelyX Ultimate (adhesive resin cement), Filtek Bulk Fill Flow (bulk-fill flowable composite with camphorquinone), Tetric N-Flow Bulk-Fill (bulk-fill flowable composite with ivocerin), and Filtek Supreme Flowable (flowable composite resin). Light activation was performed using either an LED singlewave (Radii Plus) or a polywave LED (Valo Cordless), both at 1000 mW/cm². The degree of conversion was analyzed using Raman spectroscopy, and bond strength was assessed using the push-out test, followed by failure mode analysis. ANOVA and Tukey (α=0.05) demonstrated that RelyX Ultimate and Filtek Bulk Fill Flow provided higher strength values, different (p<0.05) from Tetric N-Flow Bulk-Fill, RelyX U200, and Filtek Supreme Flowable, which had the lowest values. Regarding light-curing units, LED polywave showed the highest bond strength difference (p<0.05) from LED singlewave. Adhesive failures were predominant across all groups, regardless of the material, light source, or root third. RelyX U200, RelyX Ultimate, and Filtek Bulk Fill Flow showed a higher degree of conversion than Tetric N-Flow Bulk-Fill and Filtek Supreme Flowable. Overall, both the choice of luting material and the light-curing unit influenced bonding effectiveness. RelyX Ultimate and Filtek Bulk Fill Flow showed superior performance, and the polywave LED generally produced better adhesion outcomes.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar os desafios jurídicos na promoção da ordem social no contexto da segurança pública, buscando compreender de que forma o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e as políticas públicas de segurança se articulam diante das demandas sociais contemporâneas e das garantias fundamentais previstas na Constituição Federal. Para isso, adotou-se uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de levantamento de artigos científicos nas bases de dados DOAJ, SciELO e Google Acadêmico. Os resultados evidenciam que a segurança pública é amplamente reconhecida como direito fundamental social, exigindo atuação estatal integrada, preventiva e não apenas repressiva. Além disso, identificou-se que os principais desafios jurídicos estão relacionados à tensão entre a efetivação da ordem social e a preservação de direitos fundamentais, especialmente diante do uso de tecnologias de vigilância, da atuação das forças de segurança e da necessidade de controle jurídico sobre o uso da força e das políticas de inteligência. Dessa forma, conclui-se que a efetividade da segurança pública depende do equilíbrio entre eficiência institucional e respeito às garantias constitucionais, reforçando a necessidade de políticas públicas juridicamente orientadas e socialmente responsáveis.
