Introduction: This article examines the legal and practical framework of inmate development within Indonesia’s correctional system following the enactment of Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections. It highlights ongoing challenges in ensuring that correctional institutions effectively fulfill their rehabilitative mandate, with Cirebon Class IIA Correctional Facility serving as the primary locus of analysis.Purposes of the Research: The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal regulation of inmate development under Law Number 22 of 2022, evaluate its implementation in Cirebon Class IIA Correctional Facility, and identify inhibiting factors as well as the institutional efforts undertaken to optimize inmate development in accordance with national correctional standards.Methods of the Research: This research employs a descriptive qualitative design combining normative and empirical juridical approaches. Secondary legal materials from primary and secondary sources underpin the analysis. Data interpretation uses a deductive reasoning model through syllogistic analysis to assess the alignment of legal norms with on-ground practices in the implementation of inmate development programs.Findings of the Research: This study confirms that the Cirebon Class IIA Correctional Institution has made great efforts to fulfill the rights of inmates in accordance with the mandate of the Law on Corrections, which is manifested in the implementation of spiritual, social, health, and vocational development programs. These institutional efforts include the provision of routine religious guidance, psychological and social counseling, health seminars, and vocational skills training such as carpentry, agriculture, and handicrafts. However, the optimal implementation of these programs is severely hampered by significant structural challenges, namely severe overcapacity of inmates, limited number of correctional personnel and professional experts (psychologists, social workers, vocational instructors), and inadequate facilities and infrastructure to accommodate and support development activities effectively. The study highlights the gap between the ideal legal framework (das sollen) and the operational reality on the ground (das sein), while also demonstrating collaborative initiatives with external parties and proposals to increase resource allocation as mitigation measures.
The development of natural fiber-based composite materials is an alternative approach for producing lightweight and economical materials while supporting the utilization of agricultural waste. This study aims to analyze the effect of sugar palm fiber (Arenga pinnata) volume fraction and alkaline treatment on the mechanical properties and burning resistance of epoxy matrix composites. The sugar palm fibers were treated using 5% NaOH solution for 2 hours and incorporated into the composite at volume fractions of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The composites were fabricated using the hand lay-up method. Mechanical characterization included tensile testing according to ASTM D638 and flexural testing according to ASTM D790, while burning resistance was evaluated according to ASTM D635. The results showed that increasing the fiber fraction tended to improve the tensile strength. The highest tensile strength was obtained at a 50% fiber fraction without treatment, reaching 52 MPa. Meanwhile, the highest Modulus of Rupture (MoR) was obtained at a 50% fiber fraction with alkaline treatment, reaching 55.66 MPa. In the burning test, the lowest burning rate was obtained at a 50% fiber fraction, with values of 17.55 mm/min for untreated specimens and 17.78 mm/min for treated specimens. The results indicate that a 50% fiber fraction provides the best overall mechanical performance, while the effect of alkaline treatment on tensile strength and burning resistance does not show a consistent trend across all fiber fractions.
Cultural heritage is rich in historical, cultural, scientific and intergenerational values that need to be effectively legally protected. Indonesian Law No. 11 of 2010 on Cultural Heritage, Article 66(1) prohibits destruction and Article 105 provides for criminal liability. The relationship between criminal enforcement, administrative measures and the principle of ultimum remedium still remains to be studied. The article considers the issues of formation of criminal liability for destruction of cultural heritage. The article defines the conditions of criminal enforcement as a last resort. The method used is normative legal research, with statutory, conceptual and case approaches, including the Cirebon railroad bridge case. The results indicate that public and intergenerational interests in cultural heritage should be criminalized, but that criminal sanctions should not automatically follow from every regulatory breach. Enforcement should take into account statutory elements, intent, degree of damage, irreversibility, culpability and effectiveness of noncriminal measures. This paper therefore proposes a tiered enforcement model that combines prevention, administrative control, restoration and criminal intervention when non-criminal means are insufficient to prevent serious or continuing damage.
Background: Evidence indicates that cricket match results depend on the quality of sport motivation (SM) and technical skills (TS) of elite athletes, and both aspects can be improved through coaches' verbal encouragement during circuit training (CVEdCT). However, limited research has examined the combined effect of verbal encouragement within structured circuit training on both psychological and technical outcomes in cricket. Objectives: Our study aims to examine the effect of CVEdCT on improving SM and TS. Methods: This study adopted an experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. We involved 38 elite cricket athletes in this study. Overall, this study was conducted over a period of 9 weeks. The SM and TS aspects were measured at the pretest and posttest stages. Results: Our research results show that there is a time × group effect on the SM variable in all indicators of intrinsic motivation (p = 0.007), integrated regulation (p = 0.0012), external regulation (p < 0.001), amotivation (p = 0.010), and TS variables with indicators of batting accuracy (p < 0.001), bowling speed (p = 0.006), bowling accuracy (p < 0.001), and fielding efficiency (p = 0.024). Meanwhile, we observed a time effect on the indicators of intrinsic motivation (p = 0.002), integrated regulation (p = 0.031), external regulation (p = 0.013), and amotivation (p = 0.048). Additionally, the TS variable showed significant effects for the indicators of batting accuracy (p = 0.007), bowling speed (p = 0.003), bowling accuracy (p = 0.011), and fielding efficiency (p = 0.006). Based on the Poshoc Bonferroni analysis, there was a significant effect of both groups on SM and TS, but the increase was greater in CVEdCT than CTG. Conclusion: Thus, this study concludes that CVEdCT can improve SM and TS among elite cricket athletes better than CTG.
This study analyzes the influence of the Head of Criminal Investigation Unit leadership on the performance of members of the Criminal Investigation Unit at Cirebon City Police Resort. The study applies an explanatory survey method with a quantitative approach. The population consisted of 38 criminal investigation personnel, and all of them were included as the sample through total sampling. Leadership was measured through four functions, namely innovator, communicator, motivator, and controller. Performance was measured through work quality, timeliness, initiative, capability, and communication. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. Instrument testing reported in the thesis indicates that all items are valid and reliable. Path analysis was employed to examine the simultaneous effect of leadership and the contribution of each leadership dimension to member performance. The findings show that the leadership of the Head of Criminal Investigation Unit is categorized as good, with an average score of 69.80 percent or a rating value of 3.52, while member performance is categorized as fairly good, with an average score of 67.37 percent or a rating value of 3.29. Simultaneously, leadership affects member performance by 67.45 percent, while the remaining 32.55 percent is explained by other factors outside the model. In the thesis model, the largest total contribution comes from the controller function, followed by motivator, innovator, and communicator functions. These results indicate that supervisory strength, internal coaching, communication quality, and the leader ability to direct organizational resources are crucial to improving the performance of criminal investigation personnel.
