Learning motivation helps sustain students’ attention, persistence, and engagement during instruction. This study examined changes in students’ learning motivation after using Wordwall educational games in integrated natural and social sciences (IPAS). A quantitative pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design was employed. Saturated sampling included all 29 fourth-grade students at UPTD SDN 2 Rambatan Kulon, comprising 14 boys and 15 girls. Motivation was measured before and after instruction using a 20-item, four-point Likert questionnaire covering five indicators. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, a Shapiro-Wilk test of difference scores, a paired-samples t-test, a confidence interval, Cohen’s dz, and normalized gain. The mean motivation score increased from 52.59 (SD = 4.49) to 67.10 (SD = 5.58), representing a mean increase of 14.52 points. The paired-samples test indicated a significant change, t(28) = 13.919, p < .001, 95% CI [12.38, 16.65], with Cohen’s dz = 2.58. The normalized gain was 0.5286, categorized as moderate. These findings indicate a positive change in motivation following Wordwall use. However, because the study did not include a control group, the observed change cannot be attributed exclusively to Wordwall. Future studies should use a comparison group, document the intervention more comprehensively, and include follow-up measurements.
This perspective article argues that the rampant spread and resilience of illegal online lending (pinjaman online or pinjol) in Indonesia is not merely a legal violation to be policed, but a symptom of a broader, deep-seated systemic failure. While government crackdowns, including the shutdown of thousands of illicit platforms and mass arrests, are necessary immediate interventions, these measures largely treat the symptoms rather than the underlying disease. We posit that the endurance of illegal fintech stems from a complex, self-reinforcing crucible of socio-economic desperation, a critical deficit in functional financial literacy, a digital culture that aggressively encourages consumption over savings, and a technological agility on the supply side that consistently outpaces regulatory frameworks. By analyzing scholarly literature and media reports, we demonstrate that this phenomenon parallels other intractable societal issues in Indonesia, such as the consumption of lethal bootleg alcohol (oplosan) and the persistent flow of undocumented migrant workers. In all these cases, high-risk illegal choices are made not out of criminal intent, but out of perceived necessity due to structural exclusion. We contend that a sustainable solution demands a radical paradigm shift: moving from a strictly punitive “whack-a-mole” approach to a holistic strategy focused on prevention and inclusion. This requires a coordinated national effort to revolutionize financial literacy education, compel the design of inclusive financial products for the informal sector, foster responsible financial habits through community leadership, and implement adaptive, technology-driven regulation. Only by addressing the root causes of both supply and demand can Indonesia hope to dismantle the illegal fintech ecosystem and build a resilient, ethical, and truly inclusive digital finance landscape.
This study is urgent because there is a need to enhance elementary students’ learning motivation in understanding simple electric circuits through interactive PhET-supported inquiry learning. This study aimed to describe the implementation of PhET-supported inquiry learning, changes in student activity and adaptation across cycles, and changes in learning motivation while learning about simple electric circuits. The study employed a two-cycle Classroom Action Research design based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model and involved 19 fifth-grade students at a private Islamic elementary school in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected through teacher and student activity observations, a 20-item learning motivation questionnaire, field notes, collaborative reflection, and documentation. In Cycle I, student activity reached 80%, while the mean learning motivation score was 71.84, with 47.37% of students reaching at least the high-motivation category. Reflection on Cycle I indicated that some students were still adapting to the simulation and required technical guidance and support during the inquiry process. Cycle II therefore included more systematic PhET instructions, clearer worksheet procedures, adjusted time allocation for experimentation and discussion, and more targeted teacher support. Following these refinements, student activity reached 100%, the mean motivation score increased to 86.18, and all students (100%) were classified in the high or very high motivation categories. All five motivation indicators also showed higher values in Cycle II. These findings suggest that PhET-supported inquiry learning can support student engagement and learning motivation when the simulation is integrated with structured activities, scaffolding, reflection-driven refinements, and sufficient opportunities for adaptation. The findings are not interpreted as evidence of an isolated causal effect of PhET because the study did not include a control group or a quantitative motivation measure before Cycle I.
Inadequate waste management in rural areas significantly contributes to environmental degradation owing to limited infrastructure and low public awareness. This study addresses a critical gap in RDF research, which has largely emphasized technical feasibility while overlooking social empowerment and institutional challenges. A qualitative case study was conducted in three villages in Cirebon Regency, Indonesia, supported by descriptive quantitative analysis. Data collection included interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and document reviews, with NVivo software used for coding and triangulation. The findings demonstrate that participatory training, decentralized waste sorting, and incentive-based schemes enhanced household waste behavior and doubled RDF output in 2023. However, persistent gendered inequalities, lack of legal status for waste units, and weak stakeholder coordination undermined long-term sustainability. This study contributes to environmental communication and empowerment scholarship by demonstrating how inclusive governance and institutional reform determine the success of waste-to-energy programs. Practically, the results provide policy guidance for CSR-based initiatives, emphasizing gender equity, participatory monitoring, and transparent financing as prerequisites for sustainable RDF governance.
Taxpayer compliance remains a critical determinant of national revenue performance, yet persistent gaps between regulatory provisions and their actual enforcement continue to constrain optimal tax collection. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of tax regulations and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance. Compliance among taxpayers is a key factor for increasing national revenue derived from taxation. In reality, however, compliance has not yet reached optimal levels. Tax regulations serve as a legal basis that outlines taxpayer duties and rights, while tax sanctions function as a controlling tool that fosters compliance through fear of punishment. A quantitative research method was adopted, featuring both descriptive and verificative elements. Data came from questionnaires distributed to taxpayers and were subjected to statistical analysis. According to the results, tax regulations and tax sanctions together produce a positive and meaningful effect on compliance. This finding suggests that improved knowledge and enforcement of tax rules, combined with rigorous penalties, correspond with higher compliance rates. To conclude, well defined tax laws and properly functioning sanctions are highly important for raising taxpayer compliance. Consequently, the government needs to strengthen the dissemination of tax information and enforce sanctions consistently, thereby creating a taxation system that is both fair and optimal.
