West Kalimantan, a region characterized by extensive forest areas and high biodiversity, faces a serious threat from the illegal trade of pangolin (Manis javanica) scales. Law enforcement in the conservation sector involves two investigative institutions, namely Civil Servant Investigators (Penyidik Pegawai Negeri Sipil; PPNS) of the Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Balai Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam; BKSDA) and Indonesian National Police Investigators (Penyidik Kepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia; Polri), which operate within a coordination and supervisory relationship (koordinasi dan pengawasan; Korwas). This study aims to analyze the synergy patterns between the two institutions in investigating criminal acts related to pangolin scale trafficking and to identify obstacles that hinder the effectiveness of such cooperation. The research employed normative legal research (yuridis normatif) with a qualitative approach based on a literature review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. The collected data were analyzed descriptively and analytically using the legal hermeneutics method. The findings indicate that although the regulatory framework, particularly Law No. 20 of 2025 concerning Criminal Procedure Law and Law No. 32 of 2024 concerning Natural Resources Conservation Agency (Konservasi Sumber Daya Alam dan Ekosistem; KSDAE), clearly regulates the division of functional roles, its implementation in practice remains constrained by sectoral egos, differing interpretations of criminal elements during the P-19 stage, limited forensic resources, and geographical barriers in border areas. This study recommends strengthening the Korwas function, implementing joint investigation training based on asset tracing approaches, enhancing digital forensic infrastructure, and developing permanent operational protocols for institutional synergy to achieve legal certainty and ecological justice.
Pengembangan pariwisata alam di Indonesia sering kali memicu ketegangan antara ambisi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan perlindungan hak-hak tradisional masyarakat adat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum terhadap hak masyarakat adat dalam kerangka pariwisata berbasis masyarakat (Community Based Tourism/CBT) serta mengidentifikasi hambatan yuridis yang menghalangi implementasinya secara efektif. Menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan kajian literatur, studi ini menelaah berbagai regulasi, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen hukum dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir untuk memetakan dinamika hukum yang terjadi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan adanya diskoneksi regulasi yang signifikan antara pengakuan konstitusional terhadap masyarakat adat dengan aturan teknis dalam undang-undang sektoral, khususnya di bidang pariwisata dan kehutanan. Marginalisasi hak ulayat terus terjadi akibat dominasi sistem perizinan yang bersifat top-down serta mekanisme pengakuan subjek hukum adat yang bersifat administratif-bersyarat. Kondisi ini menciptakan kerentanan bagi masyarakat lokal untuk tereksklusi dari pengelolaan sumber daya mereka sendiri. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsep CBT tidak akan mencapai efektivitasnya tanpa adanya instrumen hukum yang mewajibkan prinsip Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC) dalam setiap proses perizinan wisata alam. Formulasi perlindungan hukum yang ideal memerlukan sinkronisasi kebijakan melalui Peraturan Daerah yang secara tegas mengakui kedaulatan masyarakat adat atas ruang kelolanya. Penguatan kedudukan hukum masyarakat adat bukan sekadar upaya memenuhi keadilan distributif, melainkan merupakan kunci krusial bagi keberlanjutan ekosistem pariwisata alam di Indonesia di masa depan.
Discussions about early childhood are always interesting, as they relate to future generations. Children's educational achievements today will determine their success in the future. Nonetheless, the number of early childhood children (ages 0–6) enrolled in preschool education in Indonesia remains significantly restricted. Therefore, biMBA, as a preschool educational institution, plays a very important role in shaping children's future success. This study aims to identify promising research areas through a literature review and determine the factors influencing preschool-aged children's learning at biMBA AIUEO. The findings show discussions on four topics: (1) learning processes, (2) human resource management, (3) marketing strategies, and (4) learning facilities. The teacher unit of analysis has the highest quantity, highlighting the role of educators in the preschool environment as parental figures who significantly influence children's development, especially during the formative years when independence is instilled. The findings indicate that pedagogical approaches are crucial for early childhood education and are an interesting subject to research because of their significance to (a) cognitive development and (b) socio-emotional development
Ganti untung yang dijamin Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2012 sebagai hak konstitusional masyarakat terdampak kerap dibalik menjadi tudingan kerugian negara oleh aparat penegak hukum. Ironi ini mengakibatkan penilai publik yang bekerja profesional sesuai Standar Penilaian Indonesia (SPI) dan amanat undang-undang justru ditetapkan sebagai tersangka tindak pidana korupsi. Jurnal ini mengkaji fenomena kriminalisasi penilai publik dalam pengadaan tanah sebagai ancaman terhadap keadilan dan pembangunan nasional. Dengan metode yuridis-normatif dan pendekatan perbandingan regulasi, penelitian ini menganalisis kasus di Bengkulu, Sumbawa, Gorontalo, Padang Sidempuan, Aceh, dan Sulawesi Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiadaan undang-undang khusus yang mengatur profesi penilai menyebabkan ambiguitas normatif antara hak masyarakat dan unsur pidana, ketiadaan standar baku penghitungan kerugian negara atas opini penilaian, serta penerapan Pasal 55 KUHP secara ekstensif. Menggunakan teori korupsi Klitgaard dan Pope, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa kriminalisasi penilai berpotensi menjadi bentuk penyimpangan penegakan hukum. Akibatnya, jika penilai takut menilai secara adil, maka pembangunan proyek strategis nasional terancam terhambat, masyarakat kehilangan hak atas ganti untung yang layak, dan negara kehilangan kepercayaan publik serta iklim investasi yang kondusif. Perbandingan dengan Malaysia, Singapura, Australia, Korea Selatan, Thailand, dan Jepang menunjukkan Indonesia tertinggal dalam perlindungan hukum profesi penilai. Kesimpulannya, pengesahan Rancangan Undang-Undang Penilai menjadi kebutuhan mendesak untuk memutus rantai kriminalisasi, memberikan kepastian hukum, serta memastikan bahwa ganti untung tidak lagi dikriminalisasi sebagai kerugian negara.
This systematic review synthesises evidence on psychological interventions for mental health problems among higher education students. A search of PsycINFO, MEDLINE, ERIC, and the Web of Science (2010–2023) identified 39 randomised controlled trials. Interventions included cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based approaches, group therapy, and technology-based programs that targeted depression, anxiety, stress, and well-being. CBT and mindfulness interventions showed the most consistent moderate effects, particularly for reducing depression and anxiety. Technology-based interventions demonstrated advantages in scalability and accessibility, though their effects were generally smaller than face-to-face formats. Interventions lasting eight weeks or longer produce more robust outcomes than shorter programs. The findings highlight the need to expand access to evidence-based services, reduce barriers to seeking help, and prioritise research on long-term intervention sustainability.
