This study investigates visitor preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for adaptive Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes in Komodo National Park (KNP), Indonesia. Using a choice experiment framework, five adaptive capacity dimensions (assets, flexibility, organization, learning, and agency) were evaluated through Random Parameters Logit (RPL) and Latent Class Models (LCM). Three adaptive funding scenarios were developed to capture visitor trade-offs: (1) eco-friendly and sustainable practices, (2) improved governance and education, and (3) adaptive conservation interventions. Results indicate that visitors assign significant monetary value to initiatives promoting environmental protection, community participation, and transparent park management. The estimated WTP values suggest that moderate conservation fees between IDR 250,000 and IDR 600,000 per visit would maintain high participation and financial sustainability, whereas the officially proposed IDR 3.75 million fee would likely reduce visitation and local income. The findings underscore the importance of designing realistic, transparent, and socially inclusive funding mechanisms that link conservation financing with adaptive ecosystem management and community benefits.
This study examines Christian parents’ perceptions of children’s faith formation within the family as an expression of Christian faith praxis in the context of the Protestant Church of Maluku. The study is grounded in the theological understanding that the family serves as a primary space for nurturing faith across generations within the life of the church. This research employs a qualitative approach using descriptive-analytical methods through interviews and document analysis involving church families. Data were analyzed thematically within the framework of practical theology and family theology. The findings indicate that parents perceive children’s faith formation as a spiritual responsibility closely related to life example, family worship practices, and the internalization of Christian values in daily life. However, contextual dynamics influence these practices, including social change, digital challenges, and limited theological understanding among families. This study contributes to the development of practical theology discourse, particularly in the areas of family theology and intergenerational faith formation within the context of local churches in Indonesia. Theologically, this study reaffirms the importance of the family as an essential space of faith praxis in sustaining church life and shaping the spirituality of younger generations.
Introduction: This paper analyzes the strategic role of legal structure in addressing crime as a social phenomenon that threatens public order and legal stability. Legal structure comprises legal norms and law enforcement institutions, including the police, prosecutors, courts, and correctional facilities, which collectively support crime prevention, law enforcement, and offender rehabilitation.Purposes of the Research: The research aims to examine the functions of legal structure in preventing, suppressing, and rehabilitating criminal conduct, as well as to identify institutional and societal challenges affecting the effectiveness of crime control.Methods of the Research: This study applies a normative juridical approach, using statutory and conceptual analysis to assess criminal law policies and the performance of the criminal justice system in crime prevention and control.Findings of the Research: The findings reveal that legal structure operates through three key stages: legislative formulation grounded in legality, proportionality, and humanism; judicial application requiring institutional coordination within the criminal justice system; and administrative execution focused on offender rehabilitation and reintegration. The study identifies internal obstacles such as corruption, limited institutional capacity, regulatory complexity, and bureaucratic inefficiency, alongside external challenges including low public legal awareness, unequal access to justice, and rapid technological change. The research proposes reforms to strengthen institutional integrity, enhance legal capacity and infrastructure, harmonize regulations, expand legal education and free legal aid, and promote restorative justice involving community participation. The originality of this study lies in its integrated, stage-based analysis of legal structure and its emphasis on institutional synergy and public engagement as essential elements for sustainable crime prevention and substantive justice.
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of work motivation and the work environment on employee productivity at the North Toraja Regency Health Office. The study employee a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consists of 76 employee, all od whom were included in the sample using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using vilidity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests (partial), f-tests (simultaneous), the coefficient of determination test, and correlation analysis. The ruselt indicate that work motivation has a positive and significant effect on employye productivity. The work envurinment also has a positive and significant effect on employee productivity. Simultaneously, work motivation and the work environment positively influence employee productivity, as evidenced by an f-calculated value of 36,661 (exceeding the f-tabel value of 3,122) and a significance level of <0,001 (0,05). Furthermore, the coefficient of determination of 0,501 indicates that 50,1% of the variation in employee productivity can be explained by work motivation and the work motivation and the work envirinment, while the remaining 49,9% is influenced by factors outside the scope if this study.
This study aims to examine the effect of work flexibility and workload on the work-life balance of Maxim drivers in Tana Toraja Regency. The study focuses on understanding how flexibility in organizing working time and the workload experienced by drivers may influence their ability to maintain a balance between work responsibilities and personal life. The data used in this study are primary data obtained through questionnaires distributed to 59 Maxim drivers in Tana Toraja Regency. The analysis technique employed is multiple linear regression analysis to examine the relationship among work flexibility, workload, and work-life balance. The results show that work flexibility has an effect on the work-life balance of Maxim drivers in Tana Toraja Regency, indicating that flexibility in working arrangements contributes to their ability to manage work and personal activities. Workload has no effect on the work-life balance of Maxim drivers in Tana Toraja Regency. Simultaneously, work flexibility and workload have an effect on the work-life balance of Maxim drivers in Tana Toraja Regency. These findings highlight the importance of work flexibility in supporting the work-life balance of drivers in the platform-based transportation sector.
