An electrochemical processing route was developed to synthesize NiFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles with controlled phase formation and morphology by electrooxidation of a sacrificial iron anode in aqueous NiSO4 at alkaline pH under constant potentials. Applied voltage governed the phase evolution: particles produced at 3-6 V contained secondary phases (alpha-Fe2O3 and/or beta-Ni(OH)(2)) with poor crystallinity, whereas 9-12 V yielded phase-pure cubic inverse-spinel NiFe2O4 confirmed by XRD and electron diffraction. Increasing voltage increased throughput and crystal development, raising the production rate from 14.33 to 76.88 mg cm(-2) h(-1) and increasing crystallite size from 8.3 to 31.8 nm (3-12 V), while microscopy showed predominantly cubic particles with mean size up to similar to 56.8 nm at 12 V. The 12 V particles approached the target NiFe2O4 stoichiometry (Ni:Fe:O approximate to 1:2:4) and exhibited the largest electrochemically active surface area (similar to 240 cm(2)) with reduced charge-transfer resistance. As a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst in alkaline media, the optimized sample delivered an OER onset potential of similar to 1.49 V (vs. RHE), an overpotential of 337 mV at 10 mA cm(-2), and a Tafel slope of 135 mV dec(-1), while ORR proceeded with n > 3.5 and <20% H2O2 selectivity. When implemented in rechargeable zinc-air batteries, the 12 V NiFe2O4 achieved a specific discharge capacity of similar to 308.6 mAh g(-1) and stable cycling performance.
This article analyzes the negotiation practices and agency of Muslim migrant university students in Pekanbaru in response to Salafi power relations. Economic constraints drive many of these migrant students to reside in community-owned mosques, including those managed by groups adhering to Salafi ideology. Building upon this context, the study addresses a central question: how do Muslim migrant university students negotiate their positions and exercise agency when confronted with Salafi power relations in Pekanbaru? This research employs a qualitative method with a narrative approach, with data gathered through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The findings indicate that Muslim migrant university students residing in Salafi-managed mosques do not inherently adopt Salafi religious practices. Instead, they demonstrate the capacity to negotiate and express agency within specific contexts. This strategy enables them to pursue their educational goals while simultaneously securing welfare opportunities during their urban residency. Consequently, this article argues that restrictions on Salafi da’wah activities among Muslim university students are unnecessary, as these students possess the requisite negotiative capacity and agency to navigate such power relations.
This study investigates the corrosion behavior and mechanical degradation of welded ST37 low-carbon steel exposed to basic (NaOH) and chloride-containing (NH₄Cl) environments. The objective is to evaluate the influence of solution chemistry and immersion time on corrosion rate, surface morphology, elemental composition, and tensile properties of welded steel structures. Welded ST37 specimens were immersed in 1 M NaOH and 1 M NH₄Cl solutions for 100, 200, and 300 hours under controlled laboratory conditions. Corrosion rates were determined using the weight loss method, while surface morphology and elemental composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). Mechanical degradation was evaluated through tensile testing following ASTM E8 standards. The results show that NaOH exposure promotes the formation of a stable oxide layer that reduces corrosion rates from 0.024 to 0.019 mm/year and partially restores tensile strength after prolonged immersion. In contrast, NH₄Cl exposure causes more aggressive corrosion characterized by pitting, porous corrosion products, and localized surface degradation due to chloride-induced passive film breakdown. SEM observations confirm thicker corrosion layers and localized attack in the weld metal region, while EDS analysis reveals increased oxygen and chloride content associated with the respective corrosion mechanisms.
HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) is a critical oncogenic driver in aggressive breast cancers (BC) and remains an important target for therapeutic intervention. Although targeted therapies such as trastuzumab deruxtecan have shown remarkable efficacy, identifying alternative HER2 inhibitors is essential to overcome resistance and expand treatment options. In this study, an integrated in-silico drug repurposing strategy combining pharmacophore-based virtual screening of the DrugBank database, molecular docking, prime Molecular Mechanics Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and post-MD MM/GBSA free energy calculations was applied to identify FDA-approved compounds with potential HER2+ inhibitory activity. The SwissSimilarity screening of the DrugBank database using the pharmacophore-based screening method retrieved fourteen (14) compounds structurally similar to trastuzumab deruxtecan, with similarity scores between 0.352 and 0.751. Further, molecular docking performed using PyRx revealed strong binding affinities ranging from -7.9 to -11.6 kcal/mol, identifying Exatecan (-11.6 kcal/mol), Gimatecan (-10.9 kcal/mol), and Lurtotecan (-10.6 kcal/mol) as top candidates. The clinically approved HER2-targeted drug Trastuzumab Deruxtecan was used as a reference compound for benchmarking the binding interactions, exhibiting a binding affinity of -9.9 kcal/mol. Moreover, prime MM/GBSA calculations supported these findings, with binding free energies of -53.00 kcal/mol for trastuzumab deruxtecan and -45.84 kcal/mol for lurtotecan. MD simulations over 200 ns confirmed the conformational stability of the Lurtotecan-HER2 complex, demonstrating consistent root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root-mean-square fluctuations (RMSF) profiles, a stable radius of gyration (RoG), and hydrogen bonding (HB), indicating enhanced structural compactness. Post-MD simulation MM/GBSA analysis revealed a binding free energy of -26.13 ± 8.50 kcal/mol for Lurtotecan, which was comparable to -24.18 ± 6.21 kcal/mol for Trastuzumab Deruxtecan, indicating stable interactions with HER2. Functional enrichment analysis (GO and KEGG) revealed a significant association with oncogenic pathways such as “Pathways in cancer” (hsa05200), involving HER2, PIK3CA, and MTOR. Collectively, these integrative computational findings highlight lurtotecan as a promising candidate for repurposing against HER2+ BC and merit further in vitro and in vivo evaluation.
Composite polymer membranes based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) have attracted attention as potential solid-state electrolyte candidates due to their thermal stability and mechanical robustness. However, microstructural heterogeneity and transport limitations remain key challenges. This study investigates the effect of cryogenic treatment (Series A) and rGO incorporation (Series B) on PVDF/Al2O3/CA composite membranes derived from palm kernel shell (PKS)-based reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Morphological characterization showed a reduction in pore size from 13–15 μm in the untreated membrane to 1.7–2.6 μm in the 2-minute treatment, improving membrane uniformity. UV–Vis spectroscopy revealed an increase in apparent optical band gap from 1.34 eV to 1.44 eV with increasing cryogenic duration, suggesting improved structural ordering within the composite membrane. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements conducted under aqueous Na2SO4 conditions showed increased current response and capacitance with increasing rGO content (Series B), indicating enhanced interfacial electrochemical behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed on Series A samples demonstrated a decrease in area-specific bulk resistance from 0.14 to 0.10 Ω·cm2, corresponding to an apparent ionic conductivity of 8.0 × 10−2 S/cm under the applied aqueous screening configuration. The results indicate that cryogenic treatment primarily governs bulk resistance reduction through pore refinement, while rGO incorporation enhances electrochemical response under model aqueous conditions. These findings highlight the role of structural control and biomass-derived carbon fillers in tailoring composite membrane electrochemical characteristics.
