Pembelajaran matematika khususnya pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar masih menghadapi kendala pada saat penyampaian materi secara visual dan pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan modul digital berbasis augmented reality dengan pendekatan open-ended serta menilai kevalidannya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ADDIE yang meliputi tahapan analisis, design dan development. Uji validitas melibatkan enam validator yang terdiri atas tiga ahli media dan tiga ahli materi dengan menggunakan instrumen berupa lembar validasi. Analisis data dilakukian secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi menyatakan bahwa E-Modul memperoleh skor rata-rata 3,5 berdasarkan ahli media dan 3,3 berdasarkan ahli materi berada pada kategori valid. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, E-Modul yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar kelayakan sebagai bahan ajar matematika guna mendukung pembelajaran yang interaktif serta peningkatan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa.
Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) extract is rich in phenolic compounds that function as antioxidants, and it has also been reported to have anti-diabetic potential. To mask its undesirable aftertaste, the extract of kencur was microencapsulated using whey protein isolate (WPI), gum arabic (AGM), or maltodextrin (MDE). The antioxidant properties and essential oil content of spray-dried microencapsulated kencur extract were then compared with those of the pure extract. Microcapsules were prepared by dispersing kencur extract into each coating solution, homogenizing, and spray-drying the mixtures. The resulting microcapsules were evaluated for production yield, particle size distribution, morphology, antioxidant activity (percent radical scavenging activity, %RSA), total flavonoid content, and total phenolic content. Statistical analysis (ANOVA with Duncan’s post-hoc test at α= 0.05) identified significant differences among the coating materials. The microencapsulation yields were 67.21% with WPI, 58.64% with AGM, and 61.95% with MDE. The antioxidant activities (%RSA) of the microcapsules were 46.07% for WPI, 47.18% for AGM, and 44.89% for MDE. The flavonoid content was 18.19 mg QE/g for WPI, 19.29 mg QE/g for AGM, and 18.83 mg QE/g for MDE, while the total phenolic content was 5.76 mg GAE/g for WPI, 6.62 mg GAE/g for AGM, and 5.25 mg GAE/g for MDE. The coating materials significantly influenced microencapsulation yield, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic content (p<0.05), but the flavonoid content was unaffected. Overall, microcapsules with gum arabic (AGM) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity and phenolic content.
Melatonin in beans is known for regulating glucose absorption in muscles and intracellular transformation with Glucose Transporter type 4 (GLUT 4) through Inositol-trisphosphate 3 (IP3) kinase activation. The efficacy of functional food ingredients has not been fully explored, and there is still a lack of information about the action mechanism of the hypoglycaemic effect and the relationship to GLUT 4 gene expression in beans. Therefore, this research aims to explore the hypoglycaemic efficacy of red beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L) and GLUT 4 gene expression in diabetic rats. This experimental research with a post-test only control group design was conducted on male Wistar rats that divided into KN (without STZ induction), K- (induced by Streptozotocin (STZ) 45 mg/kgBW), K+ (induced by STZ+Metformin), P1 (induced by STZ+red beans extract dose 0.35 g/200 gBody Weight), P2 (induced by STZ+red beans extract dose 0.7 g/200 gBW). After 21 days, the rats were examined for Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), while GLUT 4 gene expression was analyzed by qPCR. ANOVA test used to analyze the mean differences between groups. Qualitatively, red beans extract contain melatonin with IC50 0,4057 mg/mL (Acarbose 0.0138 mg/mL). There was a significant decrease in FPG in groups P1 (p = 0.043) and P2 (p = 0.023). The red bean extract group showed up-regulation of GLUT 4 gene expression (P1 = 52.77, P2=71.75). The correlation between GLUT 4 and FPG had no significant results with p = 0.725, and r = -0.074. Red beans extract contained melatonin has α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity although the power still below than acarbose. Administration of melatonin contained in red bean extract at a dose of 0.7 g/200 gBW can increase GLUT 4 gene expression than in lower dose. Melatonin contained in melatonin may contribute to improved glucose metabolism, but the quantitative levels of melatonin needs to be measured through further research.
This study examines the effect of customer experience on purchase decisions, with customer engagement as a mediating variable in digital e-commerce platforms. Increasing competition in the e-commerce sector has shifted managerial focus toward experiential and relational factors influencing consumer decision-making. A quantitative approach was employed using survey data collected from e-commerce users through purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS. The results show that customer experience has a significant positive effect on both customer engagement and purchase decisions. Customer engagement also significantly mediates the relationship, indicating that improved experiences enhance purchasing outcomes indirectly through stronger engagement. However, the moderating effect between the variables is not statistically significant. The model demonstrates satisfactory explanatory power, indicating its robustness in explaining consumer behavior in digital platforms. These findings emphasize the importance of designing effective experience-based strategies to strengthen engagement and drive purchasing outcomes. This study provides practical insights for e-commerce managers and contributes to the literature on digital marketing and consumer behavior.
Indonesia’s widening gap between rice demand and supply underscores an urgent need to pinpoint areas where sustainable intensification can have the most significant impact. This study integrates geospatial analysis with a multi‑criteria decision framework to rank the 19 sub‑districts of Grobogan District, Central Java, against economic (Location Quotient and Supportability Score), biophysical (land‑suitability and agro‑ecological parameters), and food‑carrying‑capacity (Supportability Index) indicators. Normalised datasets from field surveys, official statistics, and satellite imagery were weighted, overlaid in a GIS environment, and synthesised into composite sustainability scores. The analysis shows marked spatial contrasts: Godong, Penawangan, and Gubug emerge as highly suitable, surplus‑producing zones, combining strong comparative advantage (LQ > 1), land carrying‑capacity surpluses (Index ≥ 1.3), and “S1” ecological suitability classes; by contrast, Kedungjati, Klambu, and Brati exhibit simultaneous deficits in comparative advantage, carrying capacity, and environmental fitness. These findings offer a transparent evidence base for directing infrastructure funding, extension services, and climate‑smart technologies to priority zones while tailoring conservation or diversification strategies for less‑favoured areas. The integrative framework demonstrated here can be replicated to support commodity zoning and food‑security planning in other regions confronting similar sustainability trade‑offs.
